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風(fēng)險投資管理對創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO 效應(yīng)影響的研究 論文題目: 風(fēng)險投資管理對創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO 效應(yīng)影響的研究 學(xué)生姓名: 田 野 學(xué)號: 20210511035 指導(dǎo)老師 潘清泉 專業(yè)名稱 企業(yè)管理 學(xué)科門類 管理學(xué) 論文提交日期 2021 年 11 月 30 日 風(fēng)險投資管理對創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO 效應(yīng)影響的研究 摘要 2021 年 10月 30 日,我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板在深交所正式開始交易,首批掛牌上市的有 28 家公司。創(chuàng)業(yè)板的設(shè)立,能夠為暫時無法主板上市的中小企業(yè)及新興企業(yè)提供新的融資平臺,開拓了這些企業(yè)的成長空間,同時也為風(fēng)險投資機構(gòu)的退出提供了新的制度環(huán)境。 2021 年 11 月 6日,證監(jiān)會宣布重啟 IPO,進一步改革完善新股發(fā)行政策措施,場外配資清理工作已經(jīng)基本完成,在此之前的 2021 年7月 4 日,證監(jiān)會宣布 IPO 暫停。 創(chuàng)業(yè) 板設(shè)立之初提出的“兩高六新”要求,讓市場對這些創(chuàng)業(yè)板公司寄予厚望,一開立就以高發(fā)行市盈率吸引了無數(shù)投資者的關(guān)注,超募比率一再刷新紀(jì)錄。但是創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司在上市后的表現(xiàn)卻實難讓人滿意,許多公司上市首日就出現(xiàn)破發(fā),其業(yè)績也一路下滑,完全不符合其高成長性的特點,出現(xiàn)了業(yè)績在 IPO 前后先增后降的現(xiàn)象,也就是 IPO 效應(yīng)。我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板市場 IPO效應(yīng)的驅(qū)動因素較多,在創(chuàng)業(yè)板市場異?;钴S的風(fēng)險投資機構(gòu)就是其中重要的影響因素。 國外學(xué)者對 IPO 相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究較為深入,對風(fēng)險投資對 IPO的定價、抑價以及風(fēng)險投資與公司的盈余管理等 方面也做了大量的研究。國內(nèi)目前這方面的研究相對欠缺,主要是對國外現(xiàn)有理論的總結(jié)介紹,對于風(fēng)險投資對 IPO效應(yīng)的研究還相對不足。針對這一目前我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板普遍存在,但是在理論上尚未有較深入分析的現(xiàn)象,本文在對目前公司 IPO 理論的總結(jié)提煉的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合當(dāng)前的市場環(huán)境以及創(chuàng)業(yè)板的特點進行理論分析,探討了創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO 業(yè)績變化及風(fēng)險投資對這一變化的影響,并進一步解釋風(fēng)險投資對我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司IPO 效應(yīng)的作用機理,為公司 IPO相關(guān)理論的發(fā)展做一補充,也為創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO相關(guān)理論的進一步研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。 文章采用實證研究的方法, 通過大樣本驗證我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板市場 IPO 效應(yīng)的存在性以及風(fēng)險投資對我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司 IPO 效應(yīng)的影響。由于數(shù)據(jù)限制,文章選取上市的 108 家我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司進行分析,選取流動比率、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率、銷售凈利率、凈資產(chǎn)收益率、總資產(chǎn)收益率以及總資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率作為衡量業(yè)績變化的財務(wù)指標(biāo),通過 T檢驗,驗證了在我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板市場以此六個指標(biāo)衡量的企業(yè)業(yè)績在上市前后存在先增后降的 IPO。通過進一步將風(fēng)險投資作為創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司 IPO 效應(yīng)的解釋變量,在控制了其可持續(xù)增長率、資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率、公 司規(guī)模、公司業(yè)績、承銷商聲譽、審計機構(gòu)聲譽以及行業(yè)后, 證明風(fēng)險投資背景與我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司 IPO 效應(yīng)顯著相關(guān)。具體而言,風(fēng)險投資背景與創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司償債能力負(fù)相關(guān),但是與其盈利能力、資產(chǎn)運營能力正相關(guān)。 風(fēng)險投資對我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司的 IPO 效應(yīng)有顯著影響,而這一作用主要是通過風(fēng)險投資對所投資創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司的 監(jiān)督作用、治理作用以及認(rèn)證作用來實現(xiàn)的 。風(fēng)險投資的監(jiān)督作用主要體現(xiàn)在其對所投資的我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司的財務(wù)業(yè)績的監(jiān)督上。由于我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市制度壓力及創(chuàng)業(yè)板的高成長性預(yù)期,我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司有強烈的盈余管理的動機。風(fēng)險投資機構(gòu)在進入目標(biāo)公司后,為維護自身利益,降 低信息不對稱性,將對其公司的財務(wù)業(yè)績進行一定程度的監(jiān)控,從而減少所投資公司盈余管理的空間,緩解由于盈余管理造成的業(yè)績波動,這在客觀上能夠降低創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司的 IPO效應(yīng)。風(fēng)險投資的治理作用主要體現(xiàn)在其對所投資公司治理水平的提高上。風(fēng)險投資機構(gòu)在進入目標(biāo)公司后,為降低風(fēng)險,提高其收益率,會一定程度上介入所投資公司的經(jīng)營管理,幫助所投資公司提高公司治理水平,從而切實提高盈利能力、可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力,這能夠從本質(zhì)上降低我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO 效應(yīng)。風(fēng)險投資的認(rèn)證作用主要體現(xiàn)在其非擇機上市之上。根據(jù)監(jiān)督 — 認(rèn)證模型,質(zhì)量好的公司能 夠吸引風(fēng)險投資,而風(fēng)險投資對所投資公司又有監(jiān)督和治理作用,因此有理由認(rèn)為有風(fēng)險投資背景的創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司質(zhì)量較好,風(fēng)險投資在其中起到降低信息不對稱性的認(rèn)證作用。有風(fēng)險投資背景創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司相較于無風(fēng)險投資背景的發(fā)行費率低、市盈率高、發(fā)行抑價低。而正因為風(fēng)險投資的這一認(rèn)證作用,投資者對其業(yè)績的關(guān)注度降低,創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司不需要通過較高的業(yè)績來實現(xiàn)高收益,因此就沒有強烈的選擇在業(yè)績最佳時上市的動機,從而平滑了其上市前后的業(yè)績表現(xiàn),降低了 IPO 效應(yīng)。 基于風(fēng)險投資管理對我國創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市公司的重要作用,應(yīng)該更加注重對風(fēng)險 投資的關(guān)注。企業(yè)可適當(dāng)引入風(fēng)險投資以改善公司治理,中介服務(wù)機構(gòu)應(yīng)提高服務(wù)的專業(yè)能力與水平,政府應(yīng)當(dāng)在法律、制度、資金等多方面扶持我國風(fēng)險投資機構(gòu)的發(fā)展,而風(fēng)險投資自身也應(yīng)注重專業(yè)人才的培養(yǎng),切實發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的專業(yè)作用。 關(guān)鍵詞:風(fēng)險投資;創(chuàng)業(yè)板; IPO效應(yīng)風(fēng)險投資管理對創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO 效應(yīng)影響的研究 ABSTRACT October 30, 2021, China39。s GEM started trading in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. There are 28 panies listed on the first batch. The establishment of GEM opens up room for and provide new financing platform to the growth of these small or mediumsized and emerging enterprises, who temporarily unable to list on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange, which makes the GEM bee an important supplement of the Main Board Market. The “Two High Six New” requirement proposed at the beginning of the establishment of GEM, let the market has high hope for these GEM panies. The open high issue priceearnings ratio attracts the attention of numerous investors, and the ultraraise rates repeatedly record. But the performance of panies listed on GEM listing is hardly satisfactory, many panies listed on the first day of break, its performance all the way down, totally inconsistent with the characteristics of highgrowth, there has been increased first performance before and after the IPO after the fall of the phenomenon, that is, the IPO effect. China39。s GEM IPO effect driven by many factors, very active venture capital firms in the GEM market is one important factor. A more indepth research of foreign scholars IPO, venture capital IPO pricing, underpricing risk investment with the pany39。s earnings management also done a lot of research. Domestic research in this area is the relative lack of summary of existing theories of foreign introduction, the relative lack of venture capital IPO effect. The same time, China39。s GEM listed shorter trading hours, the sample data, the current study is mainly based motherboard with the small plates, the GEM board, small board market significant difference for the board, small board IPO research and performance changes caused by not fully applicable in the case of the GEM, reflecting the characteristics of GEM in China An Empirical Study of the venture capital and IPO effect relationship is still relatively blank. For the current China39。s GEM widespread, but in theory, yet more indepth analysis of the phenomenon, this paper summarizes the basis of the pany IPO theory, bined with the current market environment and the characteristics of the GEM theoretical analysis, changes in the performance of GEM IPO and venture capital for this change, and further explain the mechanism of risk investment of Chinese panies listed on GEM IPO effect, do a supplement to the pany IPO development of the theory, but also for the GEM IPO theory lay the foundation for further study. The article uses empirical research methods to verify the effect of the presence of the GEM IPO market and venture capital through a large sample of panies listed on 風(fēng)險投資管理對創(chuàng)業(yè)板 IPO 效應(yīng)影響的研究 GEM IPO effect. Due to data limitations, the article analysis of select 2021 listed 108 Chinese panies listed on GEM, select the current ratio, debt ratio, sales margin, return on assets, return on total assets and total asset turnover ratio as a measure of changes in the performance financial indicators, by ttest to verify first and then decreased IPO in China39。s GEM Based on these six indicators to measure corporate performance before and after listing. Further venture capital as the explanatory variables of the panies listed on GEM IPO effect, control its sustainable growth rate, assetliability ratio, size of the pany, the performance of the pany, underwriter reputation, the reputation of the audit agency and the industry to prove that the ventu