【正文】 學(xué)校代碼： 11059 學(xué) 號： 1106014018 Hefei University 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） B A C HE L OR D I SSE RTAT I ON 論文題目： 電動智能小車 學(xué)科專業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其 自動化 作者姓名： 鄒宗耀 導(dǎo)師姓名： 汪 珺 完成時間： I 電動智能小車 摘要 在當(dāng)今社會，電子產(chǎn)品的新趨勢和電子行業(yè)的主要走向都是智能化。智能化漸漸地走入我們的生活，在給我們的生活增添了許多樂趣的同時也帶來了許多方便，越來越受到人們的青睞。而現(xiàn)在廣泛應(yīng)用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測、科學(xué)勘測、智能家居等方面的智能化電子產(chǎn)品是 不需要認(rèn)為管理的，也就是它們按照之前設(shè)定好的模式在一個環(huán)境里自動運(yùn)行。 本次畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 做的是一種基于 89C51 單片機(jī)的電動智能小車模型，就很好的體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。主要涉及到小車的 PWM 調(diào)速、智能循跡與超聲波測距躲避障礙的功能。通過紅外光電傳感器來收集路面信息來自動控制電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動從而實(shí)現(xiàn)小車行駛路徑的改變以及障礙物的躲避，而且當(dāng)小車上的超聲波傳感器檢測到障礙物的時候，蜂鳴器報警裝置就會立刻發(fā)出嘀嘀嘀刺耳的響聲。通過超聲波發(fā)射電路與接收電路的配合再利用數(shù)碼管來顯示超聲波信號發(fā)射點(diǎn)與障礙物之間的距離，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)小車超聲波 測距的功能。 關(guān)鍵詞：智能小車； 51 單片機(jī)；尋跡；避障 II Smart Electric Ear Design ABSTRACT In today39。s society, new trends and main trends of electronic products in the electronics industry are intelligent. Intelligent gradually into our lives, in our lives adds a lot of fun, it also brings a lot of convenience, more and more people of all ages. And now widely used in environmental monitoring, scientific investigation, smart home and other aspects of intelligent electronic products is not required that the administration, that is, before they run automatically according to set a good model in an environment. The plete set is an 89C51 microcontroller to do the electric smart car model based on good indication of this. Mainly related to the carriage of PWM control, intelligent tracking and Ultrasonic Ranging obstacle avoidance function. By infrared sensors to collect road information to automatically control rotation of the motor in order to achieve change and obstacle avoidance car travel route, and when the small car ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle, the buzzer alarm will be sent immediately Didi tick sound harsh. With the ultrasonic transmitter circuit and reception circuit reuse digital ultrasonic signal to show the distance between emission points and obstacles in order to achieve the car Ultrasonic Ranging function. Keywords： intelligent car； 51 MCU； tracing； avoidance III 目 錄 前 言 ............................................................................................................................... 1 第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................... 2 課題研究的背景和意義 ....................................................................................... 2 課題研究內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................... 2 第二章 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................... 3 主 控系統(tǒng) .......................................................................................................... 3 小車驅(qū)動系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................... 3 系統(tǒng)框圖 .......................................................................................................... 3 系統(tǒng)原理圖 ...................................................................................................... 4 第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................... 6 單片機(jī)硬件結(jié)構(gòu) .............................................................................................. 6 單片機(jī)的選擇 .......................................................................................... 6 單片機(jī)引腳功能 ....................................................................................... 7 結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) ................................................................................................. 8 最小應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 9 時鐘電路 ............................................................................................... 10 復(fù)位電路 ................................................................................................11 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng) ..................................................................................................11 L298N芯片直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動模塊 ......................................................................... 13 超聲波測距避障模塊 ...........................................