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【英語】高二英語語法填空答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語語法填空1.閱讀下列材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible ________ a significant reduction in intelligence. The research ________ (conduct) for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that air pollution was responsible for big: falls in test ________ (score) for languages and arithmetic. The study is called The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive (認(rèn)知的)performance . It ________ (publish) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. The study took place over four years. Researchers analyzed speaking and arithmetic tests taken by 20 000 people of all ages. They said, Polluted air may prevent cognitive ability as people bee older. The study is a warning to the rest of the world, especially to ________ in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with ________ (poison) air and air pollution is the fourth ________ (high) cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that ________ longer people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their intelligence went down. They said air pollution caused a year39。s worth of lost education. For those ________ were over 60 years old, this could be several years. A researcher warned, There is no shortcut ________ (solve) this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures to reduce air pollution.【答案】 for;conducted;scores;was published;those;poisonous;highest;the;who;to solve 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,科學(xué)研究表明空氣污染可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人的智力下降,并且隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),其可能會(huì)阻礙認(rèn)知能力。研究者們呼吁政府采取有效措施減少空氣污染。 (1)考查介詞。句意:科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),空氣污染可能是智力大幅下降的原因。be responsible for固定短語,“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé),是……的原因”。故填for。 (2)考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)在中國(guó)進(jìn)行的研究表明,空氣污染是語言和算術(shù)考試分?jǐn)?shù)大幅下降的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,showed是本句的謂語,此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語,修飾名詞The research,主語The research和動(dòng)詞conduct之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處應(yīng)用conduct的過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。故填conducted。 (3)考查名詞。句意:世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)在中國(guó)進(jìn)行的研究表明,空氣污染是語言和算術(shù)考試分?jǐn)?shù)大幅下降的原因。score“分?jǐn)?shù),成績(jī)”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示語言和算術(shù)的測(cè)試分?jǐn)?shù),應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填scores。 (4)考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上。句子的主語It指代前一句中的The study,The study和publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且publish這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,所以應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was published。 (5)考查代詞。句意:這項(xiàng)研究是對(duì)世界其它地區(qū),尤其是對(duì)城市居民的一個(gè)警告。此處應(yīng)用those指代那些在城市居住的人。故填those。 (6)考查形容詞。句意:超過91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空氣的地區(qū),空氣污染是導(dǎo)致全球死亡的第四大原因。根據(jù)空格后的名詞air可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞air,表示“有毒的空氣”。故填poisonous。 (7)考查形容詞。句意:超過91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空氣的地區(qū),空氣污染是導(dǎo)致全球死亡的第四大原因。根據(jù)空格前的the和序數(shù)聞fourth可知,此處表示空氣污染是全球第四大死因,應(yīng)用high的最髙級(jí)。故填highest。 (8)考查冠詞。句意:研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人們接觸污染空氣的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),他們的智力下降得越厲害。固定結(jié)構(gòu)the+比較級(jí)... the+比較級(jí)...“越……就越……”,因此,比較級(jí)longer前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。故填the。 (9)考查定語從句。句意:對(duì)于那些超過60歲的人來說,這可能需要幾年的時(shí)間??崭袂暗膖hose是代詞,意為“那些人”,空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句做主語,修飾先行詞those指人,引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用who。 先行詞為those時(shí),關(guān)系代詞不能用that。故填who。 (10)考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在這個(gè)問題上沒有捷徑可走。There is no shortcut to do ,“沒有干某事的捷徑”,此處用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填to solve。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及介詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞,名詞,時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài),代詞,形容詞,冠詞,定語從句等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇科研類閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 2.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans ________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in ________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(pare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.【答案】 the;have found;its;environmental;smaller;effects;casually;from;which;pared 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章提出了人工塑料滲入到我們生活的方方面面。在環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)的一項(xiàng)新研究中,研究人員估計(jì),美國(guó)人平均每年吃掉5萬多塊塑料微粒,這些微粒的長(zhǎng)度小于5毫米,再吸入5萬粒塑料微粒。主要誘因是飲用瓶裝水。 (1)考查冠詞。句意:自從1907年第一個(gè)完全人工塑料被發(fā)明以來。根據(jù)first可知此處用冠詞the。故填the。 (2)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:人類已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種材料的無數(shù)用途。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句要用一般過去時(shí),主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。分析句子成分可知,主語是humans,故謂語動(dòng)詞為have found。故填have found。 (3)考查代詞。句意:它已經(jīng)滲入我們的工具、我們的衣服甚至我們的身體。way是名詞,此處應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。故填its。 (4)考查形容詞。句意:在環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)的一項(xiàng)新研究中。此處要用形容詞修飾名詞science and technology(科學(xué)與技術(shù))。故填environmental。 (5)考查形容詞。句意:美國(guó)人平均每年吃掉5萬多塊塑料微粒,這些微粒的長(zhǎng)度小于5毫米,再吸入5萬粒塑料微粒。根據(jù)than可知此處要用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填smaller。 (6)考查名詞。句意:盡管食用這些小塑料碎片對(duì)健康的影響尚不清楚。根據(jù)the health是主語的一部分,可知此處用名詞作主語,且謂語動(dòng)詞是are,故用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),填effects。 (7)考查副詞。句意:但研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào),人們隨意吞下的塑料碎片的實(shí)際數(shù)量令人擔(dān)憂。此處要用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞swallowing 。故填casually。 (8)考查介詞。句意:最大促成物來自飲用瓶裝水。e from,固定短語,“來自”。故填from。 (9)考查定語從句。句意:瓶裝水在日常飲食中添加的塑料量是自來水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知,先行詞為drinking bottled water,指物,且作in的賓語,故此處填which。故填which。 (10)考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:瓶裝水在日常飲食中添加的塑料量是自來水的32倍多。分析句子可知,the bottle itself與pare在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填pared。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及冠詞,時(shí)態(tài),代詞,形容詞,名詞,介詞,副詞,定語從句以及非謂語動(dòng)詞的等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇環(huán)保類閱