【正文】 (1)表語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主語：在英語中，當(dāng)用名詞作表語時，主語和表語所表達的內(nèi)容往往是一致的。在譯成漢語時，為使上下文連貫，或突出表語所述的內(nèi)容，可將原句中的表語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主語。例如： 　 ①Agent oriented toward a single geographic market searching for products to import and market in the home Country is an import agent. 進口代理商是面向某一個地區(qū)市場，尋找能進口到本國銷售的產(chǎn)品的代理人。 　 ②The date of registration of the Joint Venture Company shall be the date of the establishment of the board of directors of the Joint Venture Company． 合資公司董事會成立日期，以合資公司注冊登記之日為準。 　 ③This is the final arbitration award and binding on both Contracting Parties 這一仲裁裁決是終局性的，對雙方均有約束力。 　 (2)表語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的謂語：當(dāng)用介詞短語作表語時，一般都應(yīng)選擇一個適當(dāng)?shù)臐h語動詞作謂語，這樣有利于處理譯文。 　 ①In the course of arbitration, the Contract shall be continuously executed by both parties except the part of the Contract which is under arbitration． 在仲裁過程中，除了正在仲裁的部分條款外，合同的其他條款應(yīng)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。 　 ②WHEREAS Party B is in the real estate business, and the two Parties are in consideration of the mutual conveyances and agree to enter into this Contract under the terms and conditions set forth as follows： 鑒于乙方經(jīng)營房地產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)，雙方考慮相互的慣例，同意按下列條款簽訂本合同： 　 ③The Buyer is of the opinion that if the result of packing in cartons turns out to the satisfaction of the buyer39。s clients. the Seller may continue using this packing in the future． 買方認為，如果紙板箱包裝的效果使買方用戶滿意，則賣方在今后的業(yè)務(wù)中可繼續(xù)使用這種包裝。 　 4) Adjusting the Attributive定語的轉(zhuǎn)換 (1)定語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的謂語：在漢語里，形容詞是可以作謂語的。因此，當(dāng)英語的形容詞作前置定語時，很難將其譯成通順的漢語。此時，如果把定語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的謂語，使之和所修飾的名詞一起構(gòu)成漢語的主謂詞組，則可以使譯文流暢規(guī)范。例如： 　 ①The sample of the machine submitted by the Seller is featured by novel shape, easy operation, high calorific efficiency and low fuel consumption． 賣方提交的樣機的特點是造型新穎、操作簡便、熱效率高、油耗低。 　 ②We look forward to an ever increasing volume of business with your glass factories． 我方盼望與你方玻璃廠的交易額日漸增高。 　 ③We claim for shortage in weight and low quality on the consignment of wheat shipped per s. s “Princess Victoria”． “維多利亞公主”號輪裝運的小麥短重和質(zhì)量低劣，我方對此提出索賠。 　 (2)定語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的狀語：在英語中，如果將某一含有動作意義的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語的動詞，那么，原來名詞前的形容詞或分詞作定語，即可轉(zhuǎn)為漢語的狀語。例如： 　 ①Any disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultations between both Parties． I n case n settlement can be reached through consultations. the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration． 凡由執(zhí)行本合同所發(fā)生的或與本合同有關(guān)的一切爭議，雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決，如果協(xié)商不能解決，應(yīng)提交仲裁。 　 ②The Joint Venture39。s products to be sold in China may be handled by the Chinese Materials and Commercial Departments by means of agency or exclusive sales, or direct sale by the Joint Venture Company． 合資公司內(nèi)銷產(chǎn)品可由中國物資部門和商業(yè)部門代銷或包銷，或由合資公司直接銷售。 　 ③Payment for the goods specified herein shall not mean a full acceptance thereof by the Buyer with regard to its quality. All goods shall be accepted only after the Buyer39。s close inspection． 對合同規(guī)定的貨物付款不意味著買方已完全接受貨物的質(zhì)量，所有貨物要經(jīng)過買方仔細檢驗后方可接受. 　 5) Adjusting the Adverbial狀語的轉(zhuǎn)換 (1)狀語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主語：合同英語中有些介詞短語在句中作狀語時，往往在意義上和主語有密切的聯(lián)系。為了強調(diào)其在句中的地位，翻譯時常將這類狀語轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的主語。例如： 　 ①The conditions for establishment of the Joint Venture Company and the total amount of investment and registered capital are stipulated in this Contract. 本合同規(guī)定了設(shè)立合資公司的條件以及投資總額與注冊資本。 　 ②For the purpose of this Contract, the Party B desires to introduce the Patent and engage。 n production cooperation in accordance with the technical knowhow specified in the Patent． 本合同的目的在于乙方希望引進專利，按專利提供的技術(shù)訣竅進行合作生產(chǎn)。 　 ③The products fair will be held at the Standard Electrical Co. , Madrid, Spain with the Buyer39。s representatives． 買方代表將參加在西班牙馬德里標準電氣公司舉行的產(chǎn)品博覽會。 　 (2)狀語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的定語：英語中某些介詞短語在形式上是狀語，但實際上與句中的某個名詞有密切的聯(lián)系，這類狀語在譯成漢語時，處理成定語似乎更確切些。例如： 　 In this Contract, the Packing Clause stipulates for one gross to a polythene bag, covered with paper box，50 paper boxes to an inner carton to a wooden case． 合同中的包裝條款規(guī)定為：每一聚乙烯袋裝一羅，然后裝入紙盒。五十盒裝一紙箱，兩紙箱裝一木箱。 　 2. Translation 0f Passive Voice被動語態(tài)的翻譯 　 合同英語中被動語態(tài)的使用比較廣泛。凡是在不必說出合同所涉及的當(dāng)事人的場合，或為了突出和強調(diào)行為動作的承受者以及便于行文上的連貫等原因，往往使用被動語態(tài)。合同英語中被動語態(tài)所表達的概念，譯成漢語時大多采用主動語態(tài)表示。但在具體翻譯的處理上，應(yīng)采用較靈活的翻譯技巧，做到在內(nèi)容上忠實于原文，在語言形式上規(guī)范通順。以下就被動語態(tài)的翻譯方法分述如下： 1) Transforming the Passive Voice被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯 在進行合同文件的英漢翻譯時，為使譯文成為規(guī)范的漢語，一般應(yīng)對原句中某一成分進行轉(zhuǎn)換。運用轉(zhuǎn)換法翻譯被動語態(tài)時，應(yīng)注意以下幾點： (1)把動作的發(fā)出者轉(zhuǎn)換為主語：在合同英語中的一些被動句子中，往往出現(xiàn)由by或between引起的短語，在句中作狀語，其中名詞是本句涉及的行為當(dāng)事人，為突出句中動作的發(fā)出者，可將它轉(zhuǎn)換為主語。例如： 　 ①If any terms and conditions to this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by any party within 15 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party, then the no breaching party shall have the option 10 terminate this Contract by giving written notice thereof to the breaching party． 如果一方違背本合同的任何條款，并且在另一方發(fā)出書面通知后15日內(nèi)不予以補救，未違約方有權(quán)選擇向違約方書面通知終止本合同。 　 ②This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned modity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below． 買賣雙方同意按下列條款購買、出售下述商品，并簽訂本合同。 　 ③All the payments shall be made in the U. S. Currency by the Buyer to the Seller by telegraphic transfer to the Seller39。s designated account with the Bank of China, Beijing, China． 買方應(yīng)以美元支付買方貨款，并以電匯的方式匯至賣方指定的在中國銀行北京分行的賬戶。 　 (2)把英語句中的某一狀語轉(zhuǎn)換為主語：在被動語態(tài)的狀語與主語之間有包容關(guān)系時，為了使譯文通順，可將狀語部分譯成漢語的主語。例如： 　 ①The cost of the nonreturnable containers of the goods sold under this Contract is included in the prices herein specified． 所定價格包括依照本合同所售裝貨用的一次性容器費。 　 ②The production design, technology of manufacturing, means of testing, materials prescription, standard of quality and training of personnel sh