【正文】 采取妥協(xié)，保持平衡。 ? 以下將就語言知識運用部分（主要談兩種題型：單項選擇和完形填空），從效度、信度和對教學(xué)積極的反撥作用的角度分析試題的命制技術(shù)，并舉例說明試題是否在技術(shù)上存在缺陷。 1. 單項選擇試題的命制技術(shù)評析 ?覆蓋面廣，考查學(xué)生語言知識運用能力最為普遍的方式。 ?優(yōu)點：便于閱卷和評分 ?缺點：對設(shè)計技術(shù)有較高的要求 案例 812 例 8 I need some help. Can you ______the bananas for fruit salad? ? Yes, Mum. But where?s the knife? (廈門卷 ) ? A. cut up B. mix up C. put up 例 9 — Shall I tell Maria about it? ? — No, you ______. I?ve already told her. (漳州卷 ) ? A. can?t B. mustn?t C. needn?t D. shouldn?t 例 10 — Which do you prefer to use, the phone or the mobile phone? ? — ______. I enjoy using . (三明卷 ) ? A. Neither B. Either C. Both 例 11 Please give me a when you arrive in London, Miss Gao. ? All right, I?ll tell you everything when I get there. (南平卷 ) ? A. subject B. newspaper C. ticket D. ring 例 12 Look at the table. Susan wants to buy a pizza, a bottle of orange juice and an ice cream. How much will she pay? (寧德卷 ) ? ? ? A. Six yuan and twenty fen. ? B. Seven yuan and twenty fen. ? C. Eight yuan and twenty fen. Pizza ￥ Large coke ￥ Coffee ￥ Water ￥ Ice cream ￥ Hamburger ￥ Orange juice ￥ Roast chicken ￥ 案例 1314 例 13 Do you know ______? She is wanted on the phone. A. where is Lucy B. Lucy is where C. where Lucy is Could you tell me ______? A. where can I exchange money B. to exchange money where C. where do I exchange money D. where I can exchange money 例 14 Do you have any plans for your summer vacation? ? I am ______ for London next Sunday. ? A. going to B. leaving D. will go 案例 1516 例 15 — Is there ______ book on the desk? ? — Yes, there is. ? A. the B. a C. an 例 16 ? — Can you lend me your ruler? ______ is broken. ? — Sorry, I left it at home. ? A. Mine B. Yours C. My D. Your 案例 1718 例 17 You look hungry. Don?t you want ________ to eat? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 例 18 Did you borrow the bike ________ Jim? A. with B. from C. to D. for （ 1）選材要求 ① 所選短文應(yīng)該主旨明確，大意清楚，有較好的連貫性。 2022年中考完形填空試題所選材料基本上體現(xiàn)了這一原則。大多數(shù)完形填空的材料的體裁是記敘文。敘事體材的文章往往本身具有一定情節(jié)性和較好的連貫性，主旨明確，意思清楚，易于被考生把握和理解。體裁為說明文或議論文的文章也較好地體現(xiàn)了這條原則。 ② 材料應(yīng)語言難度適當(dāng)，內(nèi)容為考生所熟悉。2022年各地中考試卷完形填空的選文內(nèi)容都比較貼近學(xué)生的生活實際。 案例 19 II．完形填空 （每小題 1分，共 10分） 閱讀下面短文，然后從各題所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項。 Do you think of your parents? “Yes, of course,” you may answer, “I buy a present for my mother on 46 . And I give my father a present on Father?s Day, 47 .” Then what about the other days of a year? Always 48 to think of your parents, not just on some important days. I have a friend who 49 alone, because her parents live in another city. One day I went to see her. We had a nice chat. Then she wanted to make a 50 . She dialed (撥 ) the number, but then she put the phone 51 . After about ten seconds, she dialed the number again. “Hi, Mum…”Later I asked, “Why did you dial the number 52 ?” She smiled, “My parents are old. They can?t get close to the telephone 53 . I always do so when I call them. I just want to give them 54 time to answer the call.” My friend is a good girl. She is always 55 her parents. You also want to be a good child, right? So why not learn from her? 46. A. Father?s Day B. Mother?s Day C. Teachers? Day D. Children?s Day 47. A. too B. also C. either D. Yet 48. A. refuse B. fet C. decide D. remember 49. A. live B. lives C. lived D. living 50. A. face B. card C. call D. cake 51. A. up B. off C. down D. on 52. A. once B. twice C. several times D. many times 53. A. lonely B. slowly C. quietly D. quickly 54. A. less B. little C. enough D. a lot . thinking about B. laughing at C. picking up D. looking for （ Answer: BADBCCBDCA） 案例 20 ? 完形填空 Martin is an American boy. He is eight years old. His parents 26 five years ago and he is now living with his grandmother in New York. … … “If we had a small puter, all the problems would be 29 for us to do.” Jimmy said. “A small puter…,” Martin thought for a minute, then he said, “I?ve got an idea. We can buy one in a shop.” The next morning, they 34 the post office on their way to school. They found a box, the box was not a post box but trashbox (果皮箱 ). 26. A. have died