【正文】 重體現(xiàn)實(shí)用性的同時(shí)，選擇一些與學(xué)生生活和經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的材料，以便符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知年齡特點(diǎn)，增加實(shí)體的效度。 ? 4. 努力凸現(xiàn)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的目的任務(wù) ? 大多數(shù)的聽(tīng)力材料具有明顯的口語(yǔ)特征，比較真實(shí)自然，符合英語(yǔ)在社會(huì)生活運(yùn)用的真實(shí)場(chǎng)景。 二、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用試題評(píng)析 ?（一）命題技術(shù) ? 任何語(yǔ)言測(cè)試尤其是大規(guī)模、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的語(yǔ)言測(cè)試必須具備四個(gè)要素：效度、信度、可行性和對(duì)教學(xué)積極的反撥作用。 ? 以下將就語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用部分（主要談兩種題型：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇和完形填空），從效度、信度和對(duì)教學(xué)積極的反撥作用的角度分析試題的命制技術(shù)，并舉例說(shuō)明試題是否在技術(shù)上存在缺陷。大多數(shù)完形填空的材料的體裁是記敘文。2022年各地中考試卷完形填空的選文內(nèi)容都比較貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際。如果首句信息不全，容易影響考生對(duì)文段的理解。s most popular ics 36 Japan. The drawing is excellent. The stories are interesting. 37 they are fun to read. 38 ， Japanese artists often have new ways of drawing. They influence artists in 39 countries. ? These ics are often made into cartoons 40 are watched by million of people in Asia， Europe， ad America. Also， toys are made from the ics. So you can see， it39。 2022年中考完形填空試題的各類考點(diǎn)分布不是很均衡，雖選材較好，對(duì)挖空考慮間距，但對(duì)考點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)考慮得不是很周到。 交際用語(yǔ)部分使用的名稱不太統(tǒng)一。 3. 段落排序題 ? 閱讀下列語(yǔ)段，把它們組成一篇連貫的短文。 ? 56. The BeijingShanghai Railway line runs ? 1,462 kilometres, doesn?t it? ? A. Yes, it does. B. No, it doesn?t. ? C. It?s very far. D. We don?t know. 例 34 ? 測(cè)試試題題干和答案都要有科學(xué)性，沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)議、疑義，這樣，才能提高考試的效度。 例 43 Hi, Tom I’ve been in …as an exchange student for a week. I really enjoy my stay here. Don’t worry! Here in …things are quite different from the USA. For example, ___ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Please write to me soon. Best wishes, Bill 2. 控制性過(guò)強(qiáng)，提示過(guò)多 ? 假如你叫李平，最近，你就電子詞典使用的情況調(diào)查了各方面的意見(jiàn)，現(xiàn)在，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)表格中的信息，用英語(yǔ)給某報(bào)社編輯寫一封信。 ? 1. The name and the writer of the book. (書(shū)名可用漢語(yǔ)拼音 ) ? 2. Some information about the writer. (不少于 20詞 ) ? 3. What makes you like it? (不少于 30詞 ) （二）改進(jìn)建議 ? 1. 要依據(jù) 《 課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 》 來(lái)確定考查學(xué)生的內(nèi)容和要求 ? 2. 提出明確的寫作任務(wù)，激發(fā)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)寫作的動(dòng)機(jī) ? 和興趣 ? 3. 充分考慮學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活和身心發(fā)展水平 ? 4. 應(yīng)考查學(xué)生的綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá)的能力， ? 而不是單純的語(yǔ)法或詞匯知識(shí) ? 5. 所給提示不要太多，控制性不要太強(qiáng) ? 6. 要科學(xué)合理地制定評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ? 7. 盡可能回避一些不能給學(xué)生實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義的寫作主題 ? 8. 提示中盡量不要出現(xiàn)生詞 ? 9. 為確保易于對(duì)比，寫作任務(wù)不以具有太多的選擇性 。 ? Write a letter to your friend Li Lei. You have just been to Daming Lake. Tell him what you did, what you saw in it, what and how you went there. 例 44 4. 試題考查了書(shū)面表達(dá)以外的知識(shí)， 缺乏信度 ?每個(gè)人都喜歡讀書(shū)，在你讀的書(shū)中，你最喜歡哪一本？請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)和要求，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇不少于 60詞的短文，要有合適的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，每篇閱讀短文的長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)在 200個(gè)詞左右為宜。否則測(cè)試就達(dá)不到應(yīng)有的效度。 例 27 ? M: Excuse me. 56 is the nearest post office? S: Sorry, I don?t know. You?d better ask the policeman over there. M: Thank you all the same. Excuse me. 57 is the way to the nearest post office? Z: Go down this street 58 you reach the first crossing. Then turn ? right. M: 59 is it from here? Z: It?s about two miles. M: 60 can I get there? Z: You can go there by bus. M: I see. Thank you very much. Z: You?re wele. (正確答案為： 56. Where 57. Which 58. until 59. How far 60. How) 四、閱讀理解試題評(píng)析 1. 選擇題 2. 判斷正誤題 3. 段落排序題 4. 匹配題 5. 問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)答題 （一）考試形式 1. 選擇題 (三明卷 ) ? Kelly took part in a charity (慈善 ) walk last week. The walk was anized by the local government. The purpose of the walk was to raise money for the children in poor areas. Kelly was very excited because this was her first time to join this kind of activity. One month before the walk, Kelly began to practice. She ran for 30 minutes and went to bed at 9:. every day, and climbed the mountains every Saturday and Sunday. She hoped that she could keep healthy. ? Finally the day arrived. When Kelly got to the place where they started, she was surprised to see over 1,000 people had been there. ? … ? 61. The local government anized the charity walk ______. A. to tell people how to work together B. to raise money for Kelly C. to help the poor children … 答案： 61. C 例 28 2. 判斷正誤題 (福州卷 ) ? Have you seen the videos on TV? Do you wear large Tshirts and baggy jeans? Or have you heard someone rap (說(shuō)唱 ) ? HipHop is very hot now. HipHop music was started in the middle of the 1970s by African Americans in New York. The music, breakdancing(霹靂舞 ) and graffiti (涂鴉 ) make up Western HipHop culture. Most of the HipHop songs are about love, jobs or even games. Usually in rap, singers speak words very quickly to a certain beat. Most of the words are fun. Singers play off words to make fun of themselves or others. HipHop music has few rules. Singers just do what they think and rap it out in a clever or creative way. The freedom makes a lot of teenagers fall in love with the music. Many of them like wearing large Tshirts and baggy jeans. Famous rap and HipHop stars include Eminem in the . and Jay Chou from HipHop is more and more popular across most of the world. ? Americans started HipHop music in the middle of the 1970s in ? New York. ? are three main kinds of music in Western HipHop culture. ? music is ve