傳染病學(xué)緒論華中科技大學(xué)同濟(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)院-文庫吧
2024-12-21 23:29 本頁面
【正文】 the Immune System ? Leukocytes (Not Ag specific) ? neutrophils (PMN’s) ? monocyte/macrophage ? eosinophil ? basophil ? Specialized cells (Ag specific) ? Bcells antibodies ? Tcells T cell’s classification How does the immune system work? MHC class I molecule presenting an epitope Infection and Immune Infection and Immune (herpes simplex) ? Initial infection by herpes simplex virus in the skin is cleared by an effective immune response. ? But residual infection persists in sensory neurons. ? When the virus is reactivated, the skin is reinfected. This can be repeated endlessly. Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Direct Injury Toxin Harmful Immune response Invasion Colonization Output Pathogen Injury Fever Metabolism disorder Endocrine disturbance Development of infectious disease Injury of cells and tissues Disorder of pathophysiology ? Adhesins ? Capsular material ? Proteins (Protein F, Protein M) ? Lipotechoic acids ? Fimbriae amp。 Pili ? Endotoxins ? Gram negative LPS cell wall ponents (Lipid A and Core Sugars) ? Exotoxins ? Can be produced by either Gram Positive or Gram Negative Organisms Cell and Tissue Damage Induced by Microanisms Bacteria Cell and Tissue Damage Induced by Microanisms viruses ? Direct attachment and killing ? Inhibit host cell synthesis (RNA, DNA, proteins) ? Intracellular replication and lysis ? Surface targets for host immune system ? Local direct damage leading to secondary bacterial infections ? Latent injury Harmful Host Responses to Infectious Agents ? Autoimmunity: break the rules of the “selfversusnonself”. Direct against “selfproteins” ? Hypersensitivity reactions type I or immediate hypersensitivity (mast cell associated IgE) type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity (antibodyplement activation and natural killer) type III or immuneplexmediated hypersensitivity type IV or delayedtype hypersensitivity (activated T, CD8+, Mac) prolonged antigen exposure Enterovirus Pathogeneis Colonized herd Epidemic Process Epidemic Process Source of infection Route of transmission Susceptible population Why do people get sick? New pathogens or changes in pathogens (HIV, Nilelike virus) Changes in environmental conditions (natural or manmade) Host Factors (Age, gender, ethnicity, immune status, Nutritional status, behavior) Source of Infection ? Patient ? Covert infected person ? Carrier ? Infected animal Other effective factors: Climate – Temperature, Humidity…
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