【正文】 Responding to the economic effects of AIdriven automation will be a significant policy challenge for the next Administration and its successors. AI has already begun to transform the American workplace, change the types of jobs available, and reshape the skills that workers need in order to thrive. All Americans should have the opportunity to participate in addressing these challenges, whether as students, workers, managers, technical leaders, or simply as citizens with a voice in the policy debate. AI raises many new policy questions, which should be continued topics for discussion and consideration by future Administrations, Congress, the private sector, academia, and the public. Continued engagement among government, industry, technical and policy experts, and the public should play an important role in moving the Nation toward policies that create broadly shared prosperity, unlock the creative potential of American panies and workers, and ensure America‘s continued leadership in the creation and use of AI. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AUTOMATION, AND THE ECONOMY 5 Outreach and Development of this Report This report was developed by a team in the Executive Office of the President including staff from the White House Council of Economic Advisers (CEA), Domestic Policy Council (DPC), National Economic Council (NEC), Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). This report follows a previous report published in October 20xx titled Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence and the acpanying National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan, developed by the National Science and Technology Council‘s (NSTC) Submittee on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. This submittee was chartered in May 20xx by OSTP to foster interagency coordination and provide technical and policy advice on topics related to AI, and to monitor the development of AI technologies across industry, the research munity, and the Federal Government. This report also follows a series of publicoutreach activities as a part of the White House Future of Artificial Intelligence Initiative, designed to allow government officials to learn from experts and from the public, which included five cohosted public workshops, and a public Request for Information (RFI).2 This report more deeply examines the impact of AIdriven automation on the economy and policy responses to it. It considers the economic evidence to better understand the lessons from past waves of automation, the impact already caused by the current wave of AIdriven automation and its prospects for the near future, and how AIdriven automation may affect workers in the future. The report also considers policy steps that are needed to address the economic dislocation caused by the arrival of these technologies and to prepare for longerterm trends in the economy caused by AI, automation, and other factors that are systemically disadvantaging certain workers. The report lays out three broad strategies for policyma kers to consider. 2 Ed Felten and Terah Lyons, ―Public Input and Next Steps on the Future of Artificial Intelligence,‖ Medium, September 6 20xx ( artificialintelligence458b82059fc3). Further details on the public workshops and the RFI can be found in the October 20xx report, Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AUTOMATION, AND THE ECONOMY 6 Introduction Recent progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought renewed attention to questions about automation driven by these advances and their impact on the economy. The current wave of progress and enthusiasm for AI began around 20xx, driven by three mutually reinforcing factors: the availability of big data from sources including emerce, businesses, social media, science, and government。 which in turn relied on the capabilities of more powerful During this period, the pace of improvement surprised AI experts. For example, on a popular image recognition challenge that has a 5 percent human error rate according to one error measure, 5 the best AI result improved from a 26 percent error rate in 20xx to percent in 20xx. This progress may enable a range of workplace tasks that require image understanding to be automated, and will also enable new types of work and jobs. Progress on other AI challenges will drive similar economic changes. Technical innovation has been expanding the American economy since the country‘s founding. American ingenuity has always been one of the Nation‘s greatest resources, a key driver of economic growth, and a source of strategic advantage for the United States. Remarkable homegrown innovations have improved quality of life, created jobs, broadened understanding of the world, and helped Americans approach their full potential. At the same time, they have forced Americans to adapt to changes in the workplace and the job market. These transformations have not always been fortable, but in the long run—and supported by good public policy—they have provided great benefits. The current wave of AIdriven automation may not be so different. For example, robots have made the economy more efficient. A 20xx study of robots in 17 countries found that they added an estimated percentage point on average to those countries‘ annual GDP growth between 1993 and 20xx, accounting for just over onetenth of those countries‘ overall GDP growth during that Some of that growth has been achieved by . manufacturers adopting robots, allowing more goods to be produced while employing fewer workers at some facilities. AI in its many manifestations also holds promise to transform the basis of economic growth for countries across the wo