【正文】 ing role in SME guarantee system without enough capital．Therefore．it is unnecessary and impossible for SME credit guarantee system to overdependent on government．2我國信用擔(dān)保體系存在的主要問題中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系主要結(jié)構(gòu)問題就是：政府過多的擔(dān)保機構(gòu)和擔(dān)保貸款而私立物擔(dān)保（包括互助性擔(dān)保和商業(yè)擔(dān)保）僅有一點比例。在市場經(jīng)濟中政府像微觀調(diào)控者和社會管理者樣的存在并且操作和規(guī)范市場，制定和維持市場規(guī)則，政府明顯沒有憲法基礎(chǔ)和能力去解決市場問題，另外，因為中小企業(yè)貸款缺口是一個市場現(xiàn)象，市場本身有機制、動機和能力來解決這個問題，就是說，私人資本給中小企業(yè)貸款市場提供了貸款擔(dān)保。所以，中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系不需要也不可能過多的依賴政府。政府擔(dān)保機構(gòu)的的資金來源主要來源于金融資金，當(dāng)?shù)卣馁Y產(chǎn)還有補充的保障費。因此政府擔(dān)保機構(gòu)缺少基金補償機制，這就是為什么銀行害怕為中小企盡釋放太多的貸款管有如此多的政府擔(dān)保機構(gòu),商業(yè)擔(dān)保機構(gòu)也同樣缺少這樣的機制，因為沒有足夠的資金力量。一些機構(gòu)依照保證貸款利率的一半收取保證費用,還有些機構(gòu)收取超過它。太多的柜臺，擔(dān)保機構(gòu)的擔(dān)保需求導(dǎo)致機構(gòu)不能解決貸款困難使得中小企業(yè)提出了過多的擔(dān)保申請，違反了建立中小企業(yè)擔(dān)保體系的目的。除了人才缺乏，我國還沒有為違反擔(dān)保條約建立一個合適擔(dān)保資格和處罰機制。2．3 The lag of credit guarantee legal construction As an important ponent of national financial support policy, SME credit guarantee system needs specialized laws and regulations．In this regard．1aws and regulations concerning with SME credit guarantee industry in China are mainly Company Law, Guarantee Law, SME Promotion Law as well as departmental rules and 1ocal regulations made by local governments according to relevant policies．Among them．Company Law does not make special regulations for guarantee institutions and Guarantee Law adjusts nonprofessional guarantee acts of enterprises and natural persons and concerns with the protection of the creditors’interests．However it not yet clearly defines market access and withdrawal of the specialized guarantee institutions，business range and variety, qualification of employees，financial and internal control system．industry selfregulation and government regulation and other issues．0ther issued policies have been suitable for government guarantee institution in a narrow scope of application．Therefore．the current national development of legal system on the protection of guarantee industry lags behind the development of the industry．Therefore，market access，business operations and market withdrawal are in a laissez—faire state．which has seriously hindered the sound development of the credit guarantee system． 信用擔(dān)保法律制度的嚴重滯后作為國家金融支持政策重要的組成部分,中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保體系需要專業(yè)的法律法規(guī)。中小企業(yè)促進法以及由當(dāng)?shù)卣罁?jù)相關(guān)政策制定的部門規(guī)則和規(guī)范。但是沒有明確解釋專業(yè)擔(dān)保機構(gòu)進入市場和退出市場的機制，業(yè)務(wù)范圍和種類、員工資格,財務(wù)內(nèi)部控制制度，行業(yè)自律和政府監(jiān)管等問題。市場準入、。對于其他中小企業(yè)資本積累階段在不斷發(fā)展開始成型,他們可能已經(jīng)選擇成為股東并且在互惠互利互助原則基礎(chǔ)上建立私人互助性擔(dān)保機構(gòu)。which is bined with SME Bank，SME Development Fund to bee an important ponent of SME financing counseling system． 建立中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保資金中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保資金主要由政府和其他機構(gòu)融資，組織和有關(guān)商業(yè)銀行設(shè)立專門機構(gòu),以保障貸款銀行，但是在金融市場直接增加了資金。有“中小企業(yè)王國”之稱的臺灣早在1974年，就建立了中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)?；?，它結(jié)合了中小企業(yè)銀行，中小企業(yè)發(fā)展基金，使它變成金融咨詢服務(wù)體系的一個重要組成部分。由于安全費用通常是不充分的賠償損失。應(yīng)該考慮支持中小企業(yè)作為一個長期的使命，應(yīng)長期制度規(guī)劃,保證資金將被納入年度政府預(yù)算,保證活動,提供作為餐桌上的資金來源。3．4 To adjust operation mode of guarantee fund According to overseas experiences．credit guarantee system is impossible to operate well without cooperation of mercial banks．As guarantee institutions not only provide a credit guarantee for SME．but also reduces the credit risk of mercial banks，great support should be made for guarantee activities in mercial banks．Because of operation mode of guarantee funds and others．the domestic mercial banks are not positive to guarantee．To mobilize the enthusiasm of the mercial banks the following approaches can be taken．Government provides SME risk subsidies directly towards mercial banks regulate relations between the banks and guarantee institutions．make a clear risk—sharing ratio of banks and guarantee institutions, strengthen mercial banks inspection and evaluate the responsibility of SME loans and obligations of non—performing loans． 調(diào)整擔(dān)保資金的運行方式根據(jù)國外成功經(jīng)驗，信用擔(dān)保系統(tǒng)沒有商業(yè)銀行的協(xié)作是不可能操作好的，由于擔(dān)保機構(gòu)不僅提供為中小企業(yè)提供信用擔(dān)保，也降低了商業(yè)銀行的信用風(fēng)險，在商業(yè)銀行擔(dān)?；顒颖仨氂袕姶蟮闹?，由于保障資金的運作模式及其它原因，國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行對擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)并不積極，要調(diào)動商業(yè)銀行的積極性要做到以下幾點：政府直接向商業(yè)銀行提供中小企業(yè)風(fēng)險津貼，調(diào)整銀行和擔(dān)保機構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系，在銀行和擔(dān)保機構(gòu)之間制作一個清晰的風(fēng)險分擔(dān)比例，加強對商業(yè)銀行的檢查，評估中小企業(yè)貸款的義務(wù)和不良貸款的的責(zé)任3．5 To formulate legal system to make credit guarantee observe laws China should learn from successful foreign experience of some developed countries to make SME credit guarantee law as soon as possible on the basis of domestic situation and continuous summary．We should make provision in guarantee qualification，access system，conduct codes，legal liability, risk．taking and so on to enable the SM E credit guarantee institutions regulate the operation．Prevent risks and protect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law．At the same time SME bank regulations，SME developing funds regulations and Others related to SME financing should be considered to be stated and implemented．In such way it will perfect SME credit guarantee system under the protection of related provisions and give full play to the supporting role of SME．,使信用擔(dān)保遵守法律我國應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒國外成功經(jīng)驗,一些發(fā)達國家,使我國中小企業(yè)信用擔(dān)保法律基于國內(nèi)形勢的基礎(chǔ)上,不斷總結(jié)。同時應(yīng)該考慮制定并實施中小企業(yè)銀行規(guī)則，中小企業(yè)發(fā)展基金規(guī)則和其他與中小企業(yè)融資相關(guān)的規(guī)則。4 Conclusion With the refining credit guarantee system and maturing guarantee institutions，adjusted operation modes of guarantee fund and improvement of relevant security laws and facilities，SME guarantee system will inevitably play a greater role in financing and financing difficulties will inevitably be improved，SME will develop and grow faster to make a greater contribution to national economy development．4 結(jié)論有了改善過的信用擔(dān)保體系，成熟的擔(dān)保機構(gòu)，調(diào)整過的擔(dān)?；疬\營模式和有關(guān)法律和設(shè)備的提高，中小企業(yè)擔(dān)保體系將必然在融資中扮演一個更好的角色，并且融資困難也會緩解，中小企業(yè)將發(fā)展的更快，為國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展做出更大貢獻