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型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選B。s the first time I ___ here. A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e 答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí),反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。t received his letter for almost a month. 比較since和for Since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。 (延續(xù))I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。) 注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。例如: I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。例如: I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。例如: Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,變化可大了。 4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句。 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。 (表結(jié)果) I39。(表經(jīng)歷) 2) 用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示做……直到…… 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句, 表示到……,才……。t e back until ten o39。 He slept until ten o39。 典型例題 1. You don39。再次,several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。m sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I ___here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。那時(shí) 以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。 b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。 c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示原本…,未能…。t. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。例如: He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 湯姆失望了,因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí),大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn),表示在同學(xué)們正忙于……這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。 had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。 用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí) 1) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時(shí),多用一般過去時(shí)。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。例如: When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我聽到這個(gè)消息后,很興奮。例如: Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 老師告訴我們,哥倫比亞在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美