【正文】
ience, pany,mittee, crew, crowd, staff, family, public,government, group, party, union, couple, population,team等指“整體”時(shí)作單數(shù),指其中的“成員”時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)。 ? That herd of cows and calves are moving toward the sheds by twos and 。 ? The family are early 。有些變復(fù)數(shù)形式后意義不同,如: peoples,多個(gè)民族; youths,男青年; folks,親友。 ? All the machinery in the factory is made in China. ? ( 3)不定代詞 each, one, much,( a) little, either,neither, another, the other( +單名)等作主語時(shí),謂語常用作單數(shù)。 ? Each of the girls( Each girl) has a new 有頂新帽子。 ? ( 4)復(fù)合不定代詞 someone, somebody, something,anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone,everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主語時(shí),謂語一般作單數(shù)用。 ? ( 5)不定代詞( a) few, many, several, both作復(fù)數(shù)用。 ? Both/Both( of) these are 有趣。 ? Half of the apples are bad .蘋果中有一半是壞的。 ? ( 7)表示“運(yùn)算”的數(shù)詞,減或除用單數(shù),加或乘,單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。 ? Ten times four makes( make) 4得 40。 ? Twenty years is not a long ,彈指一揮間。 ? ( 9)“分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)”通常依其“具體所指”來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。 ? Only sixty percent/threefifths of the work was done 60%即 3/5的工作。 ? Mathematics seems easy to 。 ? Her mathematics are 。 ? ( 11)“ works工廠, means方法, series系列, species物種, aircraft飛機(jī)”等名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)同形,要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。 ? Every means has( All means have) been tried. 各種辦法都試過了。 ? Mumps is a kind of infectious 病。 ? The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. 喜馬拉雅山脈有種類繁多的動植物。 ? ( 14)英語中有一些由兩個(gè)部分組成的物體名稱,是以 s結(jié)尾。 ? John’s new trousers are black and 色和白色。 ? One pair of scissors isn’t 。 ? 還有一些名詞,如 archives, arms clothes contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minutes,morals, remains, stairs, suburs, thanks,wages,通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The archives of this society are kept in the 。 ? The English speak 。 ? ( 16)“ the+形容詞 /分詞”作主語指“某一個(gè)”人,或“抽象的”事物時(shí),作單數(shù)用。 ? The agreeable is not always the 一定中用。 ? ( 17)“書名、劇名、報(bào)刊名、國家名”等通常作單數(shù)用。 ? The Arabian Nights is very interesting.《 天方夜譚 》 很有趣。 ? What we need is more 。 ? 但,若從句是含復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu),或表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。 ? What he bought was/were some 。 ? What we need is more 。 ? 在以 what分句作主語的 SVC結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果主句補(bǔ)語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,主句的謂語可用復(fù)數(shù)。 3 就近原則( Principle of Proximity) ? ( 1)由下列詞語 or, either…or , nor, neither…nor , whether…or ,not…but , not only…but also 等連接的并列主語,按就近原則處理。 ? Neither you nor I am 。 ? In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the ,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。如: ? There is a tall girl and three fat boys in the 個(gè)子女孩三個(gè)胖男孩。 ? 無成分連接詞: that, whether, if不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分。 ? 做成分的連接副詞: when, where, how,why。 ? ( 2) whether引導(dǎo)表語從句。 ? ( 4)從句后有“ or not”時(shí),用 whether。 ? I don’t think I know 。 ? 注意:若謂語動詞為 hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 ? ( 2)將 seem, appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。 ? It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day 。 ? I don’t remember having ever seen such a 未見過這樣一個(gè)人。 ? The ant is not gathering food for itself 為自己采食。(否定 because狀語) ? She had not been married many weeks when that man’s younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.她結(jié)婚還不到幾周,這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了,并對她的美貌著了迷。 ? there be后接不定式時(shí)常用主動形式表示被動意義。 ? 注意:當(dāng)該句型主語是 something, anything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí),后面的不定式用主動形式或被動形式,意義各不同。 ? There is nothing to be 。 ? There is going to be a meeting 會議。 ? There has been a girl waiting for 直在等你。 ? There used to be a cinema here before the ,這兒有一家電影院。 ? There lived a rich 。 ? There followed a terrible 怕的聲音。 ? Thank you ? very much!