【正文】 ast week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we39。ll hear back from some of them.” Open_source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That39。s prediction about Ukraine has proved true ［ B］ Straitford39。s business is characterized by unpredictability ［ D］ Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information［ 2020 年 44題］ D［正確答案］ 例 But it is hardly inevitable that panies on the web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of puting power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few panies took the online plunge. Ｗ e learn from the last paragraph that . ［ A］ pushing information on the Web is essential to Inter merce ［ B］ interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers ［ C］ leading panies began to take the online plunge decades ago ［ D］ setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of puting power［ 1999年 58題］ B［正確答案］ 六、轉折 /對比原則 議論文和說明文都強調邏輯的嚴謹性，而轉折和對比常?？梢杂脕頊y試考生在 這一方面的閱讀理解能力，所以考生對文中的轉折和對比關系應高度重視，只 要看到標明轉折或對比的關系詞如 but, however等，就應當立即在原文上進行 圈點。 /對比 只要首段中出現(xiàn)一對處于對比狀況的概念，命題專家通常都會就此設置考題， 考生應掌握這一規(guī)律，在看到文章首段出現(xiàn)轉折對比的內容時，應當立即集中 注意力，同時還要明白，第一段出現(xiàn)轉折關系時，轉折后所表述的一定是文章 的中心議題，而在首段出現(xiàn)的對照或對比的內容將在下文中進行具體的議論， 并在文章最后得出結論。s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that .（轉折） ［ A］ people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality ［ B］ the blind could be happier than the sighted ［ C］ over_excited people tend to neglect vital things ［ D］ fascination makes people lose their eyesight［ 1998年 51題］ C［正確答案］ 2. 文中的轉折 例 It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC39。 1994年、 1995年時此類題目大多是直接問考生文 章某句中的“ it”或“ that”等代詞指代什么。因此，此類題目的解答只需返回原文，在復指詞上 方掃描即可找到正確答案。 例 For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a wele break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were mon problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were wele sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn39。形象的類比不僅有助于將抽象的道 理闡釋清楚，更可以讓讀者加深印象。 例 The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. A technologist can be pared to an artist because .(明喻 ) ［ A］ they are both winners of awards ［ B］ they are both experts in spatial thinking ［ C］ they both abandon verbal description ［ D］ they both use various instruments［ 1996年 65題］ B［正確答案］ 九、例證原則 讓事實說話往往是最有效的論證方式之一，命題專家在設置題目時往往也會針 對文中的事例設問，考查考生對局部結構的理解。但在 1995年至 1998年間，沒有出現(xiàn)過一道例證 題， 1999年再次出現(xiàn)，一樣是兩道題，占 4分。 考生們在應用例證原則解題時還應注意常用的例證方式有兩種：一是先提出觀 點，后舉例說明；二是先列舉事例再做出結論。 例 Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn39。re really sorry he has bee paralyzed, but helmets aren39。s injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose remendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “ Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal munity has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that . ［ A］ some injury claims were no longer supported by law ［ B］ helmets were not designed to prevent injuries ［ C］ product labels would eventually be discarded ［ D］ some sports games might lose popularity with athletes［ 1999年 53 題］ A［正確答案］ 十、句子理解原則 這種題型旨在考查文中某一句話的內涵。 例 In the US and Canada,where the right_to_die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. When the author says that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”, he means . ［ A］ observers are taking a wait_and_see attitude towards the future of euthanasia ［ B］ similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries ［ C］ observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes ［ D］ the effect_taking process of the passed bill may finally e to a stop［ 1997年 52題］ B［正確答案］ 十一、詞匯原則 閱讀中的詞匯題通常會有兩種情況，一種是考生一看到所考的單詞立刻心跳加 速：“完了，這個詞不認識，大綱上也沒有?！钡谝环N情況下考生往往會隨便猜一個選 項，錯誤率很高。 在閱讀部分的詞匯題要考的并 不是考生認不認識題中所考的單詞，否則便是命 題失效