【正文】 ”第一種情況下考生往往會(huì)隨便猜一個(gè)選 項(xiàng)，錯(cuò)誤率很高。 例 Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn39。形象的類比不僅有助于將抽象的道 理闡釋清楚，更可以讓讀者加深印象。s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that .（轉(zhuǎn)折） ［ A］ people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality ［ B］ the blind could be happier than the sighted ［ C］ over_excited people tend to neglect vital things ［ D］ fascination makes people lose their eyesight［ 1998年 51題］ C［正確答案］ 2. 文中的轉(zhuǎn)折 例 It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC39。ll hear back from some of them.” Open_source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That39。 例 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans39。 國(guó)民生活中這一現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)代表了不由個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)的財(cái)富與土地及土地所有者的 義務(wù)的分離，這也在同樣程度上意味著（不由個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)的財(cái)富）與經(jīng)營(yíng)管理責(zé) 任的分離。s modity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 modity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. From the text we can see that the writer seems . ［ A］ optimistic ［ B］ sensitive ［ C］ gloomy ［ D］ scared［ 2020年 55題］ A［正確答案］ 2. 局部作者態(tài)度題 此類題目考查考生對(duì)局部細(xì)節(jié)所體現(xiàn)出的作者態(tài)度的理解，因此做此類題時(shí)， 考生不能再像前一種態(tài)度題一樣去找“感覺(jué)”，而應(yīng)當(dāng)回到文章局部上，落到 實(shí)處。s hot new Alain Ducasses restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspanamp。s admission that America39。 例 When it es to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn39。s God” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he39。所以考生拿到這種題時(shí)，不 要急于去找答案，不論其出現(xiàn)在什么位置都把它作為最后一道題來(lái)做，因?yàn)樵? 做另外三道題時(shí)，無(wú)疑有助于加深對(duì)整個(gè)文章的理解。t have research. Scientists tend to fet this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it. The author asserts that scientists. ［ A］ shouldn39。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)考 生大有幫助，因?yàn)榭忌梢岳眠x項(xiàng)來(lái)理解文章。 第三步“重疊原文”，即完成題目之后檢查所找到的答案是否正確。 有些考生在把 握文章思路時(shí)常常會(huì)陷入困境，他們雖然也從頭到尾把文章讀了一遍，但還是 搞不清文章到底在講什么。在歷年的考研閱讀文章中，時(shí)文占到 相當(dāng)大的比例。 量，注意動(dòng)詞和名詞，訓(xùn)練理解一些難句、復(fù)雜句。拿到一 篇文章，不要急于做題，而是要先判斷文章的體裁和內(nèi)容，從而縮小理解范 圍。 《英語(yǔ)考試大綱》在閱讀部分要求考生能夠讀懂不同類型的文字材料（生詞量 不超過(guò)所讀材料總詞匯量的 3％），包括信函、書(shū)刊和雜志上的文章，還應(yīng)能讀 懂與本人學(xué)習(xí)或工作有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)、技術(shù)說(shuō)明和產(chǎn)品介紹等。只有掌握句段之間的關(guān)系，才能摸清作 者深層思路上的邏輯關(guān)系。 。在閱讀的 時(shí)候還要有主次之分，文章的第一段是文章的靈魂和核心，也應(yīng)當(dāng)是第一遍閱 讀的重點(diǎn)所在。 所以只要考生審題到位，返回原文搜索答案時(shí)，即可圈點(diǎn)出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，從而 縮小尋找范圍，大大提高正確率。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，事實(shí)上命題專家最常用 的有四種方式：“語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化”、“反話正說(shuō)”、“正話反說(shuō)”和“關(guān)鍵詞替 換”。這一命題方式在近年的試卷中也可找到例證。 總則中筆者介紹了考研閱讀理解應(yīng)試的基本步驟，下面將就具體題型提出相應(yīng) 的應(yīng)試原則。 例 If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disanized methods of their secretaries。s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remark. Look for the humor. It often es from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don39。re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle_brow Dillard39。re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there39。 做文章作者態(tài)度題時(shí)，千萬(wàn)不要把考生自己的態(tài)度揉進(jìn)文章中，同時(shí)要注意區(qū) 分作者本人的態(tài)度與作者引用的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. The author is most critical of . ［ A］ family firm owners ［ B］ landowners ［ C］ managers ［ D］ shareholders［ 1996年 62題］ D［正確答案］ 在談到 family firm owners 時(shí)，作者只是說(shuō)：“通過(guò)雇用一大批專業(yè)人員，這 一變化適應(yīng)了新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，防止了效率的下降。實(shí)際上， 1996年第 62題命題也可以直接以下面的形式出現(xiàn)： The author39。 1. 段落首句推斷 例 Straitford president Gee Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster39。一般說(shuō)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容多與上文所表達(dá)的意思相反，而對(duì)比往往是強(qiáng)調(diào) 其中的一方。如果按閱讀習(xí)慣接著讀下面的句子或段落，無(wú)論看 多少遍也找不到答案。之后，幾乎每年的考題都有一至 兩道例證題，這就說(shuō)明考研命題的一大特點(diǎn)，命題規(guī)則總是不斷重復(fù)的。因此在解題時(shí)，考生要牢牢抓住這句 話本身，弄清楚它的每個(gè)單詞、每個(gè)表達(dá)及整個(gè)句子所傳遞的信息，可以借助 周邊的句子 來(lái)幫助理解，但不要跑得太遠(yuǎn)。此處要考的是考生閱讀中的推斷能力，也就是說(shuō)題中所考單詞的詞義 必定能根據(jù)上下文。t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,” says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete39。例證題 1994年第一次出現(xiàn)在 考研試卷上，共兩道題，占 4分。近幾年此類題目的問(wèn)法開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn) 向隱蔽，但無(wú)論題目用何種方式設(shè)問(wèn)，考生都應(yīng)當(dāng)記住，此類題目的答案的位 置必定在復(fù)指詞的上文中。s guarantees the truthfulness of its information ［ C］ Straitford39。t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. “ Substance abuse”is preferable to “drug abuse” in that. ［ A］ substance can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used ［ B］ “ drug abuse” is only related to a limited number or drug takers ［ C］ alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine ［ D］ many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous［ 1997年 59題］ D［正確答案］ 五、段落原則 段落推斷原則考查考生對(duì)段落內(nèi)容的理解，分為兩類題型：段落首句推斷和段 落中句子推斷。只有 D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文中 The “ shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts