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【正文】 的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。 集體決策方法最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：協(xié)調(diào)溝通，集思廣益，群策群力，有效溝通，互通有無(wú)。 馬駿持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的主要原因分析：第一，集體決策需要有一種文化氛圍，一旦這種文化分為消失以后，集體決策的結(jié)果就會(huì)變成無(wú)效決策方案，當(dāng)王勃退休以后，高層管理者的決策風(fēng)方案。 （ 21） 二，集體決策的成本 費(fèi)用較大，這會(huì)在不經(jīng)意間給總成本等帶來(lái)影響，最終影響營(yíng)業(yè)額；第三，集體決策在某種程度上說(shuō)，具有比較大的妥協(xié)性，因?yàn)橐胍煌胨似剑跃筒坏貌环艞壱恍├?，這對(duì)于收益會(huì)帶來(lái)影響。動(dòng)力工業(yè)公司基本屬于這種情況。 從瓦斯克斯的角度來(lái)看，似乎沒(méi)有 得到真正的分權(quán)，一切都在總公司的 掌控之中，連工會(huì)的相關(guān)事宜總公司也要過(guò)問(wèn)，分權(quán)可能只是一種說(shuō)法。 這種案例的分析仁者見(jiàn)仁智者見(jiàn)智，看分析者站在哪個(gè)角度與立場(chǎng)來(lái)對(duì)集權(quán)與分權(quán)加以剖析；公司規(guī)模不同、經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍不同、經(jīng)營(yíng)方式不同都會(huì)影響集權(quán)與分權(quán)的程度，更何況集權(quán)與分權(quán)也只是相對(duì)而言 。即管理者在 “ 民主、公平、公開(kāi) ” 的原則下，科學(xué)的將管理思想進(jìn)行傳播，協(xié)調(diào)各組織各種行為達(dá)到管理目的的一種管理方 法。包括公司在完成具體目標(biāo)時(shí)對(duì)不確定因素做出的一系列判斷 .公司在環(huán)境檢測(cè)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上制定戰(zhàn)略。俠義的計(jì)劃工作內(nèi)容包括：為什么要做、做什么、誰(shuí)去做、何時(shí)做、 8 自身影響力。 格可能會(huì)發(fā)生根本性的變化，此后的集體決策所需的文化氛圍蕩然無(wú)存，還能得出所希望的決策結(jié)果嗎？第 何地做、如何做等。有關(guān)資料如下： 市場(chǎng)狀態(tài) 損益值 方案 暢銷 一般 滯銷 方案 A 300 200 100 方案 B 350 160 50 方案 C 450 100 0 那么，用冒險(xiǎn)法選出的最佳方案為（ 方案 C ） 1某企業(yè)計(jì)劃 開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，有三種設(shè)計(jì)方案可供選擇。有關(guān)資料如下：假設(shè)最大值悉數(shù)為 。 為了生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品，企業(yè)考慮了三種方案。 (假設(shè)給定最大值系數(shù)為 0． 7) 公式及說(shuō)明： Y:總收益， C:總成本， F:固定成本， Q。不同的設(shè)計(jì)方案所需的制造費(fèi)用不同，產(chǎn)品性能也不相同，在不同的市場(chǎng)狀態(tài)下的損益值也不同。 (假設(shè)最大值系數(shù)為 0． 7) 1．冒險(xiǎn) 法 max{500， 600， 800}=800，所以，選擇方案 C為最佳方案 保守法 max{100， 80， 0}=100，所以，選擇方案 A為最佳方案 折衷法 方案 A 的期望值 =(500 0． 7)+(100 0． 3)=380 10 方案 B 的期望值 =(600 0． 7)+(80 0． 3)=444 方案 C 的期望值 =(800 0． 7)+(0 0． 3)=560 max{380， 444， 5601=560， 所以，選擇方案 C為最佳方案 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operatio n in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from touris m surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi3
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