【正文】 u test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (訴訟). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.【答案】 if / when；To stretch；remaining；failing；What；which / that；it；instead of；are repeated；Until / Unless 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，只有先學(xué)會(huì)如何失敗，才能真正成功，作者用這個(gè)道理告訴美國(guó)的醫(yī)療保健部門只有學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗，醫(yī)療事故的情況才會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。句意：但矛盾的是，我們的孩子只有先學(xué)會(huì)如何失敗，才能真正成功。 （2）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示目的，應(yīng)該用不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，故填To stretch。句意：他們總是嘗試他們已經(jīng)做得很容易的動(dòng)作，保持在他們的舒適區(qū)內(nèi)。 （4）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，故填failing。句意：生活中的情況和滑冰的情況是一樣的。 （6）考查定語(yǔ)從句。戴森為最新款的吸塵器設(shè)計(jì)了5126個(gè)原型，然后才想出了這個(gè)讓他大賺一筆的設(shè)計(jì)。 （7）考查代詞。as someone puts it固定句式。put it表達(dá)......故填it。句意：結(jié)果是，醫(yī)療保健往往掩蓋失敗，而不是從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。 （9）考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，mistakes 與repeat之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填are repeated。句意：除非醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗，否則情況不會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)（直到醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會(huì)積極面對(duì)失敗，情況才會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)）。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及狀語(yǔ)從句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句，代詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及連詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 In 2015, Brad Ryan visited his 85yearold grandma ________ (live) a simple life on her own, and then he hoped that spending some quality family time with her would help to lift her spirits. When he told ________ (story) of his travels to his grandma, she regretted not seeing more of the world. Then Ryan invited his grandma ________ (hike) with him, and she accepted his idea ________ (cheerful). From then on, the pair travelled to 29 National Parks in total, and had many adventures along the way, ________ has even affected his way of life. ve learned to slow down and see the world in ________ different way. There are so many viewpoints and knowledge we can gain ________ our elders. Even if some day she does pass away, I can go back to these places to feel her spirit and feel ________ (connect) to her.【答案】 have gone；living；stories；to hike；cheerfully；which；richer；a；from；connected 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，Brad Ryan和Joy奶奶一起去美國(guó)那些令人驚嘆的地方旅行，Ryan說(shuō)奶奶教會(huì)了他用如何生活，學(xué)會(huì)了慢下來(lái)，用不同的方式看世界。句意：自從Brad Ryan開始帶著喬伊奶奶去美國(guó)那些令人驚嘆的地方旅行以來(lái)，他們已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了幾十次越野冒險(xiǎn)。故填have gone。句意：2015年， Brad Ryan看望了自己過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)單生活的85歲高齡的奶奶，他希望和她共度一段美好的家庭時(shí)光能幫助她振作起來(lái)。故填living。句意：當(dāng)他向祖母講述他旅行的故事時(shí)，她后悔沒(méi)有多看看這個(gè)世界。故填stories。句意：然后，瑞安邀請(qǐng)他的奶奶和他一起去遠(yuǎn)足，她欣然接受了他的想法。故填to hike。句意：然后，瑞安邀請(qǐng)他的奶奶和他一起去遠(yuǎn)足，她欣然接受了他的想法。故填cheerfully。句意：從那以后，他們一起去了29個(gè)國(guó)家公園，一路上經(jīng)歷了很多冒險(xiǎn)，甚至影響了他的生活。故填which。句意：現(xiàn)在她的生活豐富多了。 （8）考查冠詞。in a different way固定短語(yǔ)，“用一種不同的方式”。 （9）考查介詞。結(jié)合句意表示“從……”應(yīng)用介詞from。 （10）考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文feel為系動(dòng)詞可知，應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填connected。9．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now. Thousands of sharks are dying as ________result of people39。 Female sharks need males to make babies. Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks ________a male shark. That39。 Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup ________(believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. ________modern scientists point out that shark tissue (組織)can be extremely high in poison. What39。 If you39。s International Shark Attack File (ISAF). Even if you are bitten, the large ________(major) of people survive, says Dr. Chapman. There ________(be) sixtysix unprovoked(無(wú)端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of ________were dangerous, according to the ISAF.【答案】 a；without；monly；is believed；But/Yet；endangering；to die；majority；were；which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹人們過(guò)去對(duì)鯊魚的誤解，喚醒人們要有保護(hù)動(dòng)物意識(shí)。句意：由于人們的錯(cuò)誤觀念，成千上萬(wàn)的鯊魚正在死亡。故填a。句意：一些雌性鯊魚有能力自己繁殖后代，并且在沒(méi)有雄性鯊魚的情況下產(chǎn)下幼鯊。故填without。句意：這種情況在植物和昆蟲中很常見，比如螞蟻和蜜蜂。故填monly。句意：傳統(tǒng)上，魚翅湯被認(rèn)為對(duì)健康有益，在中國(guó)很特別。故填is believed。句意：但現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家指出，鯊魚組織是非常厲害的毒藥。故填But/Yet。句意：更重要的是，捕撈鯊魚每年殺死多達(dá)1億只，危及幾個(gè)不同的物種。故填endangering。句意：根據(jù)佛羅里達(dá)博物館的國(guó)際鯊魚攻擊檔案（ISAF），人們死于雷擊的可能性是鯊魚咬的兩倍多。故填to die。句意：“即使被咬了，大多數(shù)人還是活下來(lái)了”，查普曼博士說(shuō)。故填majority。句意：根據(jù)國(guó)際安全援助部隊(duì)的數(shù)據(jù)，2018年全世界共發(fā)生了66起無(wú)端的鯊魚咬傷事件，其中只有6起是危險(xiǎn)的。故填were。句意：根據(jù)國(guó)際安全援助部隊(duì)的數(shù)據(jù)，2018年全世界共發(fā)生了66起無(wú)端的鯊魚咬傷事件，其中只有6起是危險(xiǎn)的。故填which。 t have known that I39。 I sat down and listened to the teacher________(introduce) the tools of the craft. Then it was time for me to try my hand I took up the brush, using the correct gesture,________ After nearly five years of practicing. I started to make versions of wellknown poems. Calligraphy seemed like a bridge,________connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(筆畫)by stroke, word by word, I could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned________(appreciate) my daily life.(worry) of life. Rolling out the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy ________(able) me to balance my busy schedule and live________(peace).【答案】 choices；introducing；dipped；in；which；to appreciate；a；worries；enables；peacefully 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者學(xué)習(xí)書法的經(jīng)歷及書法對(duì)自己的影響。句意：在那時(shí)，我不知道我做了我一生中最好的選擇之一。 （2）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。the teacher 與introduce之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，故填introducing。句意：然后是時(shí)候試一下了，我用正確的姿勢(shì)拿起毛筆，蘸了蘸墨水，認(rèn)真地用中文寫了“一”。 （4）考查介詞。in+語(yǔ)言表示“使用某種語(yǔ)言（字體）”，故填in。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)近五年的練習(xí)，我開始臨摹著名的詩(shī)歌，書法就像一座橋，把我和幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前的詩(shī)人聯(lián)系在一起。 （6）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。learn to do固定短語(yǔ)，“學(xué)會(huì)做……”，故填to appreciate。句意：現(xiàn)在，書法不僅僅是一種愛好，它是一種讓自己遠(yuǎn)離生活煩惱的方式。 （8）考查名詞。worry表示“令人煩惱的事”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，此處用復(fù)數(shù)表泛指，故填worries。句意：書法使我能平衡繁忙的日程和平靜的生活。 （10）考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞live用副詞，故填peacefully。