【正文】 beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the ，有時(shí)用in order to(為了)或so as to(以便)加動(dòng)詞原形，放在句首或句尾均可。In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every ，作獨(dú)立成分。To be fair, she is an honest ，她是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的姑娘。(2)表示原因。常見的這類形容詞和過去分詞有：able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到驚異的，angry生氣的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到驚訝的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聰明的，fortable舒服的，cruel殘忍的，deep深的，delighted 高興的，difficult有困難的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有決心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合適的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸運(yùn)的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高興的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艱苦的，lucky 幸運(yùn)的，overjoyed 高興的，pleased高興的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 準(zhǔn)備好的，relieved 感到輕松的，right正確的，sad悲傷的，shocked感到驚訝的，sorry難過的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到驚訝的，unable沒能力的，useless沒用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 錯(cuò)誤的等。You’re lucky to have me as your ，你們很幸運(yùn)。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可變成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(見被動(dòng)語態(tài)部分)。動(dòng)詞不定式一般有三種時(shí)態(tài)形式，即一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式。例如：We’re happy to have you on our 。例如：She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+過去分詞)：表示在主句謂語的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的事情。動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式和下列動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)連用，表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。另外還有should/would like/love。例如：The game were to have taken place in RoomHe planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不定式的被動(dòng)形式有兩種：一般式：to be+過去分詞完成式：to have been+過去分詞You’re lucky to have been 。(九)為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可省略，但to有時(shí)保留，有時(shí)不保留。George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants 說要離開上海，但是我不認(rèn)為他真的愿意走。例如:I intend to call on him and discuss this question had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the ，取決于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有與do/did有關(guān)的詞(do作謂語，to do作定語等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。：1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early2)I am going _____(問問題).→ to ask some questions3)I’ve been hoping ______(會(huì)見格林先生)ever since I left school → to see 4)It is difficult ______(照顧這么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight6)She is afraid ____(獨(dú)自去).→ to go alone7)I pretended ______(睡著了).→ to be asleep8)I should like _____(今晚去看那個(gè)話劇).→to go to watch that drama tonight9)Be careful ____(別著涼).→not to catch cold10) seemed ____(越來越不喜歡他).→to dislike him more and more11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不動(dòng)).→for you to carry12)You have to work hard ____(考試及格).→to pass the examination13)Tom intends ____(找個(gè)新工作).→to look for a new job14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat15)I hate _____(這么早離開),but I am afraid ____(我不得不這么早離開).→to leave so early。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。Miss Mary teaches us 。Mike likes the pop music.（動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）Lucy has nothing to do today。Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語）To help him is my 。Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語）It39。I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動(dòng)形式）非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。：To mast a language is not an easy teach English is my 39。It39。It39。：某些及物動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，這些動(dòng)詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, I wish is to learn English like to help others if I 。Please ask him to e here 。The most urgent thing is to find the boy 。I have something important to tell 。She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet ，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。It39。帶疑問詞的不定式：疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。I don39。Can you tell me where to get the ？Do you know how to get to the ？帶邏輯主語的不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。It39。There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。He is the man to be 。●動(dòng) 名 詞動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。It39。s go 39。s job is looking after the is )動(dòng)名詞作賓語有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, stop smoking in the like reading in the you mind my opening the windows?4）動(dòng)名詞作定語She is studying in the reading slept in the sleeping bag.（動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not + 動(dòng)名詞He pretend not knowing it at 。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式 ：（當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式來表示。t really stand being treated like ：1)有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。t help, 等。I like to go with 。I remember meeting him in the remember to write a letter to my )“stop + 動(dòng)名詞”表示停止動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作。Let39。4)動(dòng)名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語時(shí)，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。workingworkedwashingwashed分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動(dòng)名詞一樣，在動(dòng)詞后面加 ing。China is a developing 39。The working people have played a great role in the boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital is nothing 。a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。I saw him walking in the heard them singing in the found the boy 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。（是別人給我理發(fā)）She has her bike 。分詞的否定形式。Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn39。分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 分詞的一般時(shí)表示動(dòng)作同謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。Coming into the room, he lied on his ，他就躺在床上。Having received a latter, I knew everything is all ，我知道一切都很好。Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the ，高興地把帽子扔上了天。The entertainment building being built will be pleted next 。trembling。to 。to swim is ______ what the weather will be known novel is s