【正文】 可以表示在一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后，可以與現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)連用。Nervous/irritableOffice/study/desk afford：主句用將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“能夠”，“必須”還可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞police/policemanpay attention to/care for/take care of remind/rememberone/you可以指任何人：One must never tell must never tell ： must/have toas作為介詞，以…身份，與like相同as作為連詞，因?yàn)椋?dāng)。方式，如同。的好”，“還不如。動(dòng)名詞可以做主語，標(biāo)語，賓語，介詞賓語定語（即復(fù)合名詞）2． 動(dòng)名詞的幾種形式：主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done：Finding work is difficult TV is my favorite ：My main hobby is of her duties is growing job is ：I like taking with famous enjoy learning flowers need ：He is fond of watching football went away without saying a （注意總結(jié)）：take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in，：waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水機(jī))，parking slot…： 在動(dòng)名詞前面加not，I am sorry for not asking , excited/exciting, amused/amusing （二）will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must have been done drive 用法 home/house：見書 there be句型it做為虛主語可以用來表示時(shí)間，天氣，溫度，距離，人或指代一個(gè)句子或不定式。,現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 定冠詞用法(1)特指(2)地理名詞前加定冠詞 l河流the yellow river l山脈the Alps, the Himalayasl海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞l國名及政治組織名the United States, the United Kingdom l某些機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)校及建筑名the British Museuml由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報(bào)刊雜志名the New York Times, the Times 零冠詞 , 機(jī)場(chǎng), 公園, 橋梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London BridgeYale University, Cambridge University Day, May Day, News Years’ Day Time, Reader’s Digest Water boils at 100 can not live without is is difficult to to do 用法Used to do 表示過去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’, save, very/too, 比較狀語從句（見復(fù)合句比較狀語從句）A/one的區(qū)別 Passed/past, next/other 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): is/am/are done 一般過去時(shí): was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): is/am/are being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has been done 過去完成時(shí): had been done 一般將來時(shí): will be done 過去將來時(shí): would be done過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done，Call at(拜訪某地), call out at(大聲喊), call on(拜訪某人), call sb up(給某人打電話), call off(取消)+謂語(感官動(dòng)詞)+doing表示正在發(fā)生的事情,+do So+adj./+：so manywill/be going to do一般情況下可以相互替換,但是要表示說話人決定做某事或者表示建議,請(qǐng)求, , solid/firm/stableHold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(當(dāng)心), look up(查詢,), look (拜訪某人) if /though+虛擬語氣, 過去完成時(shí)總結(jié) as if /though 常在描述行為的動(dòng)詞后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虛擬語氣He looks as if he were a skin feels as if it were song sounds as if it were a sad looked as if he had never lived in sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 與過去完成時(shí)連用I had no sooner e into the room than it began to bell had no sooner rung than the game sooner 放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝No sooner had I e into the room than it began to sooner had the bell rung than it began to …when 幾乎沒來得及…就… 與過去完成時(shí)連用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught had hardly finished the last question when the exam …when放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught had I finished the last question when the exam , 口語中可以省略 : 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí), 一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí), 一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí), cancould, maymight, musthad to，thisthat, thesethose, nowthen, today, tonightthat day, that night, this weekthat week, yesterdaythe day before, the previous day, last weekthe week before, two days agotwo days before(earlier), tomorrowthe next(following)day, next weekthe following week, herethere, e, bringgo, take如果意思上沒有必要改變就不用變了， said she would e again said he arrived yesterday n特殊疑問句, 語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序 “Where are you going?” he asked me where I was , 要加if/whether“Will you e tomorrow?” he asked if I would e the next , 所使用的謂語要根據(jù)語氣來選擇 “Stay here,” the policeman policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother mother asked me to close the : advise, ask, beg, mand(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid, make/do對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬, if從句中談?wù)摰氖窍胂蟮那闆r,主句則推測(cè)想象的結(jié)果 結(jié)構(gòu): 主句用過去時(shí), 從句用過去將來時(shí)If you came here earlier, you would catch the you spent more time on studying, you would get better I were you, I would accept this : 如果if從句中的動(dòng)詞是be, 那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞后用make conversation(聊天), make the bed(鋪床), make a promise(許諾), make trouble(找麻煩), make progress(取得進(jìn)步), make money(賺錢), make a speech(演講,講話), make mistakes(犯錯(cuò)誤), make up one’s mind(下定決心)do one’s best(盡最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作業(yè)), do a few jobs(做家務(wù)), do favour(幫忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做練習(xí)), do shopping(購物), do business(做生意), must, have to 一般作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用l需要某物He needs a he need a hat? l需要做某事need to doI need to have a need to finish your …,主語與need 后的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系:need doing=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be ’t(不必要), 可以用來回答含有must, have to 的一般疑問句, 與don’t have to 同義Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’ 完成式needn’t have done’t 表示不應(yīng)該,一般口氣比較強(qiáng)硬, mustn’t get up , notice 用法總結(jié)have a ride(騎), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(嘗試), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸煙), have a good sleep(睡覺)Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,學(xué)習(xí),找到), pick out(挑出), 表示可能性If you want, I can go with , 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)中，在將來時(shí)中要用will be able to Look!He can stand on his able to, 表示某動(dòng)作沒有成功用couldn