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一般來說,具有以下知識(shí)便可進(jìn)入《新概念英語第二冊》的學(xué)習(xí):動(dòng)詞be與have現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)的基本用法。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):能夠識(shí)別;懂得動(dòng)詞第3人稱單數(shù)上添加s,es, 或ies后綴。過去進(jìn)行時(shí):能夠識(shí)別。過去完成時(shí):能夠識(shí)別。助動(dòng)詞:can, may與must的基本用法;能夠識(shí)別could, might與would的形式。1能夠回答以助動(dòng)詞與疑問詞開頭的問句。1冠詞:定冠詞與不定冠詞。1名詞:能夠用s,es,ves后綴組成名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式;會(huì)用常見的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式:men, women, children, teeth r等形式?!奔觭(39。1形容詞:基本用法;規(guī)則的比較級;不規(guī)則的比較級:good, bad, 、介詞:常見的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、方位介詞的用法。1this/that。省略形式:it39。m, isn39。t等。there are/they are。2一周7天的名稱、日期、季節(jié)、數(shù)字、時(shí)辰(今天、昨天、明天等)。二、新概念英語第二冊語法知識(shí)總結(jié)和詳解:主語+謂語+賓語+狀語(地點(diǎn)狀語+方式狀語+時(shí)間狀語)時(shí)間狀語還可以放在句首,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)感嘆句:what+名詞+主語+謂語,how+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語頻度副詞:位于主語和謂語之間,常見頻度副詞及其程度的深淺: always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, never I always buy CDs on 直接賓語和間接賓語:主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對象,間接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù),也可以說間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對誰做的,或者是為誰做的。He gives me a , a book直接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for,to表示動(dòng)作對誰而做,for表示動(dòng)作為誰而做。2.不定冠詞還可以用來修飾一類事物,有時(shí)候也可以省略: A cat is a lovely is a lovely .不可數(shù)名詞加冠詞表示一類事物:Apple is a .如果特制某人,某物或上文提過的人或物時(shí)要用定冠詞the 5.Some表示一些,可以修飾可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞。put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock ,時(shí)間狀語 短語:在短語中動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞叫小品詞,有些小品詞既可以緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面也可以跟在動(dòng)詞的賓語后面,而有些則只能緊跟著動(dòng)詞使用。uon:表示星期:on Monday 表示具體日期:on June 1st表示具體時(shí)間:on that day/that evening/on that night uat:表示確切時(shí)間:at 10 o’clock表示用餐時(shí)間:at lunch time/teatime表示其他時(shí)刻:at noon/night/midnight, at this time uduring+一段時(shí)間 ufrom…till utill/untill直到not any=no,語氣更強(qiáng) :結(jié)構(gòu):be+過去分詞 用法:u主語不清或不需要提及時(shí)I was born in apple was ,為了說明動(dòng)作是誰做的,用by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 The policeman caught the thief was caught by the made in/be made of/be made from/be made by 雙重名詞所有格:one of +形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’s one of my friends/a friend of mine one of your records/a record of yours 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法:want/help/ask/teach/advise do, 代詞要用賓格形式 borrow/lend, salary/wages :be going to結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 be+副詞詞組:be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to sb./ out=set off, set up=create : 名詞所有格:如果名詞復(fù)數(shù)以S結(jié)尾一般只加‘,如果名詞是以S結(jié)尾的專有名詞如人名,可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘,如:Keats’ work, the Johns’ house名詞所有格也可以用來表示無生命的 1. 時(shí)間:today’s, new centry’s2. 國家,城市名詞:the country’s, the city’s3. 機(jī)構(gòu)組織:the station’s waiting room, the university’s library 4. 車,船,用具: the car’s wheel, the puter’s harddisk 5. 專有結(jié)構(gòu):at one’s wit’s end, 6. 價(jià)值:ten pound’s worth of meat, 7. 時(shí)間:in twenty minutes’ time : ask/ask forexcept/except for/apart fromwhich of/neither of/both of/neither of (一)如果引語的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化:時(shí)態(tài),人稱,時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞u時(shí)態(tài)變化:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)——過去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)——過去將來時(shí)be going to——was/were going to/would cancould maymightu時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化:here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that… u人稱變化:根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。時(shí)候,以。那樣 dress/suit/costume grow/grow up give in, give away, give up, give up beside/besidesmight as well表示“還是?!?He will never might as well give : 動(dòng)名詞 1. 動(dòng)詞的ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)稱為動(dòng)名詞。 of Unit two 我們可以將幾個(gè)簡單句連在一起,組成并列句,常用以下連詞:and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also主謂一致:u當(dāng)主語由and , both…and 連接時(shí), the girls and the boy are his … nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英語語法中, he nor I am going to the only Mary but also her parents have gone ,狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,:appear(看起來), appreciate(鑒賞), believe(相信), feel(感覺到), forget(忘記), hear(聽見), know(知道), like(喜歡), look like(看起來像), notice(注意到), remember(記得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(認(rèn)為), understand(理解), have(擁有),love(愛), seem(看起來), show(顯示), mind(介意), sound(聽起來), hate(討厭), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲),引號:n引號位于一行之上,應(yīng)該在句尾其他標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號, 如逗號,句號, asked, 等詞后面用逗號, asked等詞置于引語之間時(shí), 常用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞在英語里約有300多個(gè)put up(搭建), put out(撲滅), put on(穿上), put (為某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄寫), put off(推遲), put away(放好,放到一邊去)(見復(fù)合句部分)l與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間副詞:yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never,so far(迄今為止), up till now(直到現(xiàn)在), up to now(直到現(xiàn)在), since(自從), for a long time(很長時(shí)間), in the past/in the last few years(在過去的幾年里), these days(目前),l某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)作開始變終止的動(dòng)詞), 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語搭配:例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 這些動(dòng)詞并非不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),, has gone away for a month.(wrong)Jane has been away for a month.(right)His father has died for two years.(wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)has gone to(去了某地,指人還在那里), have been to(去過某地, 人已經(jīng)不在那里了)。u用過去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合句,用語較正式的文體,代替被動(dòng)語態(tài),Wounded in the war, his are can not move in a happy family, he has never tasted the bitterness of ,不定式表示目的:To buy a new car, the young man saved up for went into the garden to pick some :名詞性從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同謂語從句),關(guān)系從句(定語從句),狀語從句(時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,條件,方式,目的,結(jié)果,比較,讓步): lose/loose/miss expect/wait for: raise/rise, lay/lie, beat/win 形容詞變副詞: 1.直接在形容詞后加ly,carefulcarefully, slowslowly,2. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞,把y變I, 加ly, happyhappily, luckyluckily3. 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同,不需要做任何變化 fast, hard, late4. 有些詞加上ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn): nearnearly, highhighly, latelately,:一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) throw to,/throw at/throw away quite/quiet cause/reason drop/fall, any的用法nsome, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑問句,注意,當(dāng)期待對方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用somenmany修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用