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ne1——Where’s Jack? ——I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom. A.。 the C.the。 the1Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. A.the。 C.the。 the——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please. ——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful. A.some。 some C.some。 a【答案】:B air是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出現(xiàn);第二空仍是泛指,且表數(shù)量“-”。B weather是不可數(shù)名詞。泛指。B 山脈、形容詞最高級及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。C 第一空,科目前不加冠詞;第二空特指,有定語。1D 第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時候來訪。)第二空是固定短語,情緒不好。1A 泛指1C 此題是89年高考題:樂器前加定冠詞;music是不可數(shù)名詞。1C 此題是91年高考題:發(fā)明應是特指。in bed是固定短語,不加冠詞。第一空后有定語,固是特指。A 此題是95年高考題。二、名詞Nouns知識要點:一、名詞的種類:專有名詞:1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠詞)2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。)普通名詞1)不可數(shù)名詞注意:?不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞,尤不加不定冠詞:若加a(an)則使之具體化了。?不可數(shù)名詞一般無復數(shù)形式。如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows…… | | | 各種各樣的魚 各種報紙 河湖、海水 積雪?有些抽象名詞也常用復數(shù),變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如:a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….2)可數(shù)名詞:?可數(shù)名詞除用復數(shù)形式表一類之外,一般都要加冠詞:A birdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.?有復數(shù)形式:a)規(guī)則變化——加“s”或“es”(與初中同,略)b)不規(guī)則變化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)…注意:c)單、復數(shù)同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一種魚)……。thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…e)形復實單:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means.f)形單實復:people (人民,人們),the police, cattle等g)集合名詞如:family, public, group, class等。如: My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.h)復合名詞變復數(shù)時,(a)只把復合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。(b)如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個詞的后面加“s”。如:a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors二、名詞的所有格:表有生命的東西(人或動物)的名詞所有格,一般在名詞后加“’s”。如:Teachers’ Day, the workers’ resthome(工人療養(yǎng)院),the students’ readingroom2)復合名詞的所有格,在后面的詞后加“’s”。如:Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海倫的房間(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比爾的收音機和湯姆的 收音機(不共有)4)表地點(店鋪,某人的家等)的名詞所有格后面,一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如:half an hour’s walk (半小時的路程) China’s agriculture (中國的農業(yè))表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構成詞組,表示所有格。如:the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?“of詞組+所有格”的用法:在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)時,常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來表示所有關系。some inventions of Edison’s 愛迪生的一些發(fā)明those exercisebooks of the students’ 學生們的那些練習本。 leaves B.rooves。 leaf D.roofs。 bread B.teas。 breads D.tea。 sounds B.light。 light D.sounds。 fear B.hopes。 fears D.hope。 harm B.water。 harm D.waters。 C A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復數(shù)形式,直接加“s”。 B A 根據(jù)句意,打破的應是杯子,而不是茶;名詞作定語表類別不用加“’s”。 1D 1C 1D a stone’s throw是固定短語,意為“近在咫尺”。三、主謂一致Agreement知識要點: 在英語的句子中,謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。多數(shù)情況下,根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判定,但有的則要看整句的意思,及強調的內容。以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Children like to play toys.在倒裝句中,動詞的數(shù)應和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。如:1)There is a dog near the door.2)There were no schools in this area before liberation.3)Here es the bus.4)On the wall were two famous paintings.5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.and連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如:1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2)He and my father work in the same factory.3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6)Every picture except these two has been sold.7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。2)Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。2)No teacher and no student is absent 。each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:1)Is everyone here?2)Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。如:1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時,其謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。如:1)The United States is in North America.2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議)。如:1)My family is going to have a long 。3)The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽。1all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語時,既可表示復數(shù)意義,也可表示單數(shù)意義,謂語動詞要根據(jù)實際情況而定。2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。1the + 形容詞(或分詞)作主語時,常指一類人,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如:1)The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。1or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)連接的是主語,謂語動詞與后一個主語一致。如:1)Water is a kind of matter.2)The news at six o’clock is true.1集合名詞如:people, police ,cattle等作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。1population當人口講時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;當人們講時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2)A number of students have gone for an outing.means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。見講解4。 C 見講解16。見講解9,19。 C 見講解2。見講解3。見講解13。見講解13。 見講解5。 1A neither…nor…連接主語,動詞與后面的主語保持一致。 1A 見講解6。 1A 見講解1,動名詞作主語。 1A 見講解9。 C 因謂語動詞是復數(shù),所主語應是復,The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。 2B 見講解10。 2B 見講解17。 2B 見講解14。 2C 見講解18。刀、叉是一副而論,所以看作單數(shù)。 3B 見講解12。 3A 因此句主語是pair,所以用單數(shù)。如果each作主語,謂語動詞則用 第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 3B 根據(jù)句意,這個男孩是學校中唯一來自農村的學生,自然后面的定語從句 的主語是單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,又因主從句時態(tài)保持一致,故B 是唯一正確答案。 3A 見講解2。 C 這部小說的剩余部分,還沒超出“一”,用單數(shù)。 4C 見講解1,when and where this took place是一個從句。 4B few在此代人,是復數(shù)。 4C 同上。 4A 見講解7。 50、B 同上。名詞性虛擬語氣。一、虛擬條件句:條件狀語從句是非真實情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語氣。If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意問題:If條件句中絕對不可出現(xiàn)“would”。在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, h