【正文】 answer this question, starling with a short definition of line versus staff authority. Line versus Staff Authority Authority is the right to make decisions, to direct the work of others, and to give orders. In management, we usually distinguish between line authority and staff authority. Line managers are authorized to direct the work of subordinates they39。s boss. In addition, line managers are in charge of acplishing the anization39。s basic goals. They also have the authority to direct the work of their subordinates.)Staff managers, on the other hand, are authorized to assist and advise line managers in acplishing these basic goals. HR managers are generally staff managers. They are responsible for advising line managers (like those for production and sales) in areas like recruiting, hiring, and pensation. Line Managers39。The direct handling of people is, and always has been, an integral part of every line manager39。 responsibilities for effective human resource management under the following general headings: Placing the right person on the right job Starting new employees in the anization (orientation) Training employees for jobs that are new to them Improving the job performance of each person Gaining creative cooperation and developing smooth working relationships Interpreting the pany s policies and procedures Controlling labor costs Developing the abilities of each person Creating and maintaining departmental morale Protecting employees39。s HR Management Responsibilities The human resource department provides this specialized assistance. In doing so, the HR manager carries out three distinct functions: A line function. First, the HR manager performs a line function by directing the activities of the people in his or her own department and in service areas (like the plant cafeteria). In other words, he or she exerts line authority within the personnel department. IIR managers are also likely to exert implied authority. This is so because line managers know the HR manager often has access to top management in personnel areas like testing and affirmative action. As a result, HR managers39。s job. For example, HR assists in the hiring, training, evaluating, rewarding, counseling, promoting, and firing of employees. It also administers the various benefit programs (health and accident insurance, retirement, vacation, and so on). It assists line managers in their attempts to ply with equal employment and occupational safety laws. And it plays an important role with respect to grievances and labor relations. As part of these service activities, the HR managers land department) also carry out an innovator role by providing 39。s no single division of line and staff responsibilities that could be applied across the board in all anizations. But to show you what such a division might look like. This shows some HR responsibilities of line managers and staff managers in five areas: recruitment and selection。 pensation labor relations。s job. Whether you39。re a production manager, sales manager, office manager, hospital administrator, county manager (or HR manager), getting results through people is the name of the game. And to do this, you39。s HR Trends like globalization and technological innovation are changing the way firms are managed. Organizations today must grapple with revolutionary trends, accelerating product and technological change, globalize petition, deregulation, demographic changes, and trends toward a service society and the information age. These trends have changed the playing field on which firms must pete. In particular, they have dramatically increased the degree of petition in virtually all industries, while forcing firms to cope with unprecedented product innovation and technological change. In the panies that have successfully responded to these challenges, new modes of anizing and managing have emerged. For example: The traditional, pyramidshaped anization is giving way to new anizational forms. At firms like ATamp。s needs. Management must therefore empower its frontline employeesthe front desk clerks a