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williamderesiewicz斯坦福大學(xué)演講5篇-在線瀏覽

2024-10-13 15:56本頁面
  

【正文】 帶來眾多機會,這還有什么需要質(zhì)疑的嗎?但那不是我提出的問題。這里的“做(do)”并不是指工作(job),“那(that)”并不是指你的專業(yè)(major)。(We are more than our jobs, and education is more than a major.)教育也不僅僅是上大學(xué),甚至也不僅是從幼兒園到研究生院的正規(guī)學(xué)校教育。我們不妨先來討論你是如何考入斯坦福的吧。你的父母在你很小的時候就鼓勵你追求卓越(excel)。除了在所有課程上都出類拔萃之外,你還注重修養(yǎng)的提高,充滿熱情地培養(yǎng)了一些特殊興趣。你學(xué)習(xí)刻苦、精力集中、全力以赴。掌握這些技能當(dāng)然沒有錯,全力以赴成為最優(yōu)秀的人也沒有錯。我并不是說因為選擇鉆研數(shù)學(xué),你在充分發(fā)展話語表達(dá)能力的潛力方面就失敗了;也不是說除了集中精力學(xué)習(xí)地質(zhì)學(xué)之外,你還應(yīng)該研究政治學(xué);也不是說你在學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴時還應(yīng)該學(xué)吹笛子??墒?,專業(yè)化的問題在于它把你的注意力限制在一個點上,你所已知的和你想探知的東西都限界于此(it narrows your attention to the point where all you know about and all you want to know about)。專業(yè)化(specialization)的問題是它讓你成為專家(specialist),切斷你與世界上其他任何東西的聯(lián)系,不僅如此,還切斷你與自身其他潛能的聯(lián)系(It cuts you off, not only from everything else in the world, but also from everything else in yourself.)。在你走向所渴望的成功之路的過程中,進(jìn)入斯坦福是你踏上的眾多階梯中的一個??偠灾?,進(jìn)入越來越狹窄的專業(yè)化軌道。你從生物化學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生變成了博士,再變成心臟病學(xué)家,再變成專門做心臟瓣膜移植的心臟病醫(yī)生。只不過,在你越來越深入地進(jìn)入這個軌道后,再記得你最初的樣子(remember who you once were)就益發(fā)困難了。那個活潑能干的19歲年輕人已經(jīng)變成了只想一件事的40歲中年人。(That39?!保ā癏ey, my dad39?;蛟S你從來沒有想過當(dāng)心臟病醫(yī)生,只是碰巧發(fā)生了而已。(It39?;蛘撸@些根本就不是自己做出的選擇。s what smart kids do.)。你選擇心臟病學(xué)是因為當(dāng)心臟病醫(yī)生的待遇很好。從你上高中開始,甚至初中開始,你的唯一目標(biāo)就是進(jìn)入最好的大學(xué),所以現(xiàn)在你會很自然地從“進(jìn)入下個階段”的角度看待人生(you naturally think about your life in terms of “getting into” whatever39。“進(jìn)入”就是能力的證明,“進(jìn)入”就是勝利?;蛘哌M(jìn)入密歇根法學(xué)院,或高盛集團(tuán)(GoldmanSachs)或麥肯錫公司(McKinsey)或別的什么地方。也許你確實想當(dāng)心臟病學(xué)家。你在上學(xué)期間全身心都在朝著這個目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。但不管是什么,要么因為你隨大流,要么因為你早就選定了道路,20年后某天醒來,你或許會納悶到底發(fā)生了什么:你怎么變成現(xiàn)在這個樣子,這一切意味著什么。你為什么做它,到底為了什么。不過,還有另外一種情況,或許中年危機并不會發(fā)生在你身上。幾年前,我在哈佛參加了一次小組討論會,談到這些問題。自我效能或更熟悉的說法“自我尊重”(selfesteem)。” 但另外一些學(xué)生,那種具有自我效能感或自我尊重的學(xué)生,考試得了優(yōu)秀會說“我得優(yōu)秀是因為我聰明。當(dāng)我指出這一點時,她十分震驚。真正的自尊意味著對此問題的足夠認(rèn)識:盡管你在成長過程中的一切都在教導(dǎo)你要相信自己,但你所達(dá)到的登記,還有那些獎勵、成績、獎品、錄取通知書等所有這一切,都不能來定義你是誰(defines who you are)。但當(dāng)我問她“創(chuàng)新”意味著什么時,她能夠想到的唯一例子不過是“世界大公司五百強的首席執(zhí)行官”(“being CEO of a Fortune 500”)。s just successful),而且是根據(jù)非常狹隘的成功定義而認(rèn)定的成功而已。(True innovation means using your imagination, exercising the capacity to envision new possibilities.)但這里我并不是在談?wù)摷夹g(shù)創(chuàng)新,不是發(fā)明新機器或者制造一種新藥,我談?wù)摰氖橇硗庖环N創(chuàng)新,是創(chuàng)造你自己的生活(inventing your own life)。(Not following a path, but making your own path.)我談?wù)摰南胂罅κ堑赖孪胂罅Γ╩oral imagination;眠按:這個是心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞)。道德想象力意味著創(chuàng)造自己新生的能力(envision new ways to live your life)。而是要弄清楚自己到底想要什么,而不是父母、同伴、學(xué)校、或社會想要什么。ve been handed),不僅僅是接受別人給你的選擇。但你可以做出另外的選擇,你可以轉(zhuǎn)身走出去。讓我再舉一個反面的例子。我說,那些在耶魯和斯坦福這類名校的孩子往往比較謹(jǐn)慎,去追求一些穩(wěn)妥的獎勵。我一再聽到TFA這個術(shù)語?!盀槊绹獭钡膯栴}或者“為美國而教”已經(jīng)成為體系一部分的問題,是它已經(jīng)成為另外一個需要“進(jìn)入”的門檻。它享有盛名,很難進(jìn)入,是值得你和父母夸耀的東西,如果寫在簡歷上會很好看(it looks good on your r233。),最重要的是,它代表了清晰標(biāo)記的道路(a clearly marked path.)。它是社會參與方面的斯坦?;蚬?,是另一個柵欄,另一枚獎?wù)?。道德想象力是困難的,這種困難與你已經(jīng)習(xí)慣的困難完全不同。如果你要創(chuàng)造自己的生活(invent your own life),如果你想成為真正的獨立思想者(truly autonomous),你還需要勇氣:道德勇氣(moral courage)。具有道德勇氣的個人往往讓周圍的人感到不舒服。只要別人也不享受自由,人們就不在乎自己被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。在《青年藝術(shù)家的肖像》(A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man)中,詹姆斯?喬伊斯(James Joyce)讓主人公斯蒂芬?迪達(dá)勒斯(Stephen Dedalus)就19世紀(jì)末期的愛爾蘭的成長環(huán)境說出了如下名言“當(dāng)一個人的靈魂誕生在這個國家時,有一張大網(wǎng)把它罩住,防止它飛翔。我想沖出這些牢籠。其中之一是我在就這些問題與學(xué)生交流時經(jīng)常聽到的一個術(shù)語“自我放任”(“selfindulgent”)。更糟糕的是,他們覺得提出這些問題是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)(feel pelled)的。好像自己已經(jīng)走火入魔了似的:拋棄確定無疑的東西是瘋了,認(rèn)為思想生活可行是瘋了,想象你有權(quán)嘗試是瘋了。re made to feel like you39。)想象我們現(xiàn)在面臨的局面。你們得到的教導(dǎo)是應(yīng)該上大學(xué),但你們同時也被告知如果真的想得到教育,那就是“自我放任”。這是什么道理?進(jìn)入證券咨詢業(yè)是不是自我放任?進(jìn)入金融業(yè)是不是自我放任?像許多人那樣進(jìn)入律師界發(fā)財是不是自我放任?搞音樂,寫文章就不行,因為它不能給人帶來利益(what good does that really do anyone)。追求自己的理想和激情是自私的,除非它能讓你賺很多錢。(It39。s also going to make you a lot of money, in which case it39。這是永不停息的過程(a neverending process)?!蔽以谙?,誰會打算按照他在12歲時做出的決定生活呢?(who wants to live with the decisions that they made when they were 12?)讓我換一種說法,誰愿意讓一個12歲的孩子決定他們未來一輩子要做什么呢?或者一個19歲的小毛孩兒?你能做出的決定是你現(xiàn)在想什么,你需要準(zhǔn)備好不斷修改自己的決定。我不是在試圖說服你們都成為音樂家或者作家。我想說的是你需要思考它,認(rèn)真地思考(think about it hard)。我在敦促你們的,是認(rèn)識到你的道德自由(moral freedom)并熱情擁抱它。(Don39。這些,同樣是羅網(wǎng)。是的,你會犯錯誤。你將從錯誤中緩過來,而且,正是因為這些錯誤,你更好地認(rèn)識你自己。人們常說你們年輕人屬于“后情感”一代(a “postemotional” generation),我想我未必贊同這個說法,但這個說法值得嚴(yán)肅對待。大學(xué)剛開始,成年時代也才剛開始。這個世界的深廣遠(yuǎn)超你現(xiàn)在想象的邊際。What Are You Going to Do With That?By William DeresiewiczThe essay below is adapted from a talk delivered to a freshman class at Stanford University in question my title poses, of course, is the one that is classically aimed at humanities practical value could there possibly be in studying literature or art or philosophy? So you must be wondering why I39。s not the question I39。t mean a job, and by “that” I don39。re going to be doing for the rest of the time that you39。s nothing wrong with mastering skills, with wanting to do your best and to be the 39。t mean that by choosing to excel in math, say, you are failing to develop your verbal abilities to their fullest extent, or that in addition to focusing on geology, you should also focus on political science, or that while you39。s nothing wrong with being those 39。s why older people are so boring.“Hey, my dad39。s another you never really wanted to be a cardiac surgeon in the first just kind of 39。t mean the work is easy, but the choices are rather, the choices sort of make go to a place like Stanford because that39。s specialize in cardiology because it39。s next.“Getting into” is validation。re doing it, what it39。, this “waking up one day,” but it39。t occurred to me try to explain it by telling you a story about one of your peers, and the alternative that hadn39。m smart.” Again, there39。re what that Harvard student didn39。s not innovative, I told her, that39。m not here to talk about technological innovation, I39。s not about inventing a new machine or a new 39。m talking about is moral imagination.“Moral” meaning not right or wrong, but having to do with making imagination means the capacity to envision new ways to live your means not just going with the means not just “getting into” whatever school or program es means figuring out what you want for yourself, not what your parents want, or your peers want, or your school wants, or your society your own your way toward your own definition of simply accepting the life that you39。ve been you walk into Starbucks, you39。m problem with TFA—or rather, the problem with the way that TFA has bee incorporated into the system—is that it39。s prestigious, it39。s something that you and your parents can brag about, it looks good on your r233。, and most important, it represents a clearly marked don39。t have to do anything but appl
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