【正文】 he War of the Classes”《鐵蹄》 “The Iron Heel”《馬丁?伊登》“Martin Eden”《革命》“Revolution”《生活的法則》“The Law of Life”《白牙》 “White Fong”8。埃茲拉?龐德 Ezra Pound (18851972)※《一臺古鋼琴》 “A Virginal”※《再次致意》 “Salutation the Second”※《合同》 “A Pact”※《地鐵站臺》“In a Station of the Metro”※《長干行》 “The RiverMerchant’s Wife:A Letter”2。羅伯特?弗洛斯特 Robert Frost (18741963)※《摘罷蘋果》 “After ApplePicking”※《沒有走的路》 “The Road Not Taken”※《雪夜林邊小立》 “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”※《部分》 “Departmental”※《設(shè)計(jì)》 “Design”※《大多數(shù)》 “The Most of It”《小男孩的意志》 “A Boy’s Will”《波士頓以北》 “North of Boston”《山陵》 “Mountain Interval”《新罕布什爾》“New Hampshire”《小河西流》“WestRunning Brook”《又一片農(nóng)場》 “A Further Range”《智慧樹》 “A Witness Tree”《絨毛銹線菊》 “Steeple Bush”《空曠地》“In the Clearing”4。華萊士?斯蒂文斯 Wallace Stevens (18791955)※《彼得?昆士彈琴》“Peter Quince at the Clavier”※《壇子的軼事》“Anecdote of the Jar”※《冰淇淋皇帝》 “The Emperor of IceCream”《風(fēng)琴》 “Harmonium”《關(guān)于秩序的思想》 “Ideas of Order”《帶藍(lán)吉它的人》 “The Man with the Blue Guitar”《一個(gè)世界的幾個(gè)部分》 ”Parts of a World”《入夏》 “Transport to Summer”《秋天的曙光》 “The Auroras of Autumn”《必要的天使》“Necessary Angel”《詩歌選集》 “Collected Poems”《遺著》 “Opus Posthumous”《諧音》 “Harmonium”《星期六早晨》 “Sunday Morning”6。F?司各特?菲茨杰拉德 F? Scott Fitzgerald (18961940)※《了不起的蓋茨比》 “The Great Gatsby”《人間天堂》 “This Side of Paradise”《漂亮的和該死的》 “The Beautiful and Damned”《爵士時(shí)代故事》 “Tales of the Jazz Age”《蔬菜》 “The Vegetable”或叫《從郵遞員到總統(tǒng)》 “from Postman to President”《夜色溫柔》 “Tender Is the Night”8。約翰?斯坦貝爾 John Steinbeck (19021968)※《憤怒的葡萄》“The Grapes of Wrath”《科特茲之?！?“The Sea of Corctz”《長谷》 “The Long Valley”《鼠與人》“Of Mice and Men”《勝負(fù)末決的戰(zhàn)斗》 “In Dubious Battle”《托蒂亞平地》 “Tortilla Flat”10。2)they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American ，反對美國社會(huì)的拜金主義。代表作家Ralph Waldo Emersion ③作品：“Nature”《論自然》、“Essays”《隨筆錄》、 “The American Scholar”《美國學(xué)者》, our intellectual Declaration of 。2. NaturalismNaturalism, a more deliberate kind of realism, usually involves a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. As a literary movement, naturalism was initiated in France and it came to be led by Zola, who claimed at “scientific” status for his studies of impoverished characters miserably subjected to hunger, sexual obsession, and hereditary defects. Natural fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society. The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment, the religious “truths” were illusory, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. The most significant work of naturalism in English being Dreiser’s Sister Carrie.3. American Dream The American Dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself, usually through financial prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. 4. The Lost Generation The term Lost Generation was coined by Gertrude Stein to refer to a group of American Literary notables who lived in Paris from the time period which saw the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. Significant members included Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, T. S. Eliot, and Gertrude Stein herself. Hemingway likely popularized the term, quoting Stein (“You are all a lost generation”) as epigraph to his novel The Sun Also Rises. More generally, the term is being used for the young adults of Europe and America during World War I. They were “l(fā)ost” because after the war many of them were disillusioned with the world in general and unwilling to more into a settled life.Scott Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby” 《了不起的蓋茨比》 novelErnest Hemingway “The Sun Also Rises”《太陽照樣升起》 “A Farwell to Arms”《告別了，武器》5. ModernismModern writing is marked by a strong and conscious break with traditional forms and techniques of expression。Washington ① the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 美國第一位浪漫主義散文文體作家7. Puritanism The principles and practices of puritans were popularly known as Puritanism. Puritanism accepted the doctrines of Calvinism: the sovereignty of God。 the irresistibility of God’s will for man in every act of life from cradle to grave. These doctrines led the Puritans to examine their souls to find whether they were of the elect and to search the Bible to determine God’s will. the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor.詩歌賞析The Wild HoneySuckle s poetry. Philip Morin Freneau was a notable American poet, nationalist, polemicist, sea captain and newspaper short lyric was written in 39。s protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from men39。 s days are numbered. No one can violate the great law of nature,even under protective wings of an angel or grew in the fate is doomed.The poem39。The poet used many figures of speech in the poem.First,It39。s thy honeyed blossoms blow. Unseen thy little branches greet。The Meaning of Death in The Indian Burying GroundThe poem is about an Indian culture, especially and Indian funeral. It describes death in this tradition, which is looked at as rude and savage. Still, the speaker reveals a lot about its strength and beauty as the poem goes on. It is a message inviting people to understand this culture as it is without prejudices.s tradition, in the Indian39。s.On which the curious eye may traceThis gap between is but the oute of a misunderstanding of the Indian39。It is deep rooted and old, and believes in the existence of specters. It gives greatest value to the soul and considers it as the perfect and purest element in humans that live s eternally. The Indian cul