【正文】 ce of a speech act, perform a certain illocutionary act indirectly. A. direct speech act B. indirect speech act C. illocutionary act D. utterance22. The _____ provided great philosophical insight into the nature of linguistic munication. A. speech act theory B. CP theory C. municative petence D. linguistic petence23. According to Searle, speech acts fall into ______ general categories. A. four B. five C. six D. seven 24. There are ____ maxims under the cooperative principle. A. Five B. four C. two D. three25. _____ resulted mainly from the expansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics. A. Pragmatics B. pragmatism C. phonology D. Practicalism26. Once the notion of _______ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics. A. meaning B. context C. form D. content27. ____ act theory is an important in the pragmatic study of language. A. Speaking B. Spoken C. Sound D. Speech 28. All the utterances that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _____ form. A. syntactic B. semantic C. grammatical D. pragmatic 29. Linguistics found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the ______ of language use was left unconsidered. A. brevity B. context C. accuracy D. none of the above30. Of the three acts, linguists are most interested in the _______. A. locutionary act B. perlocutionary act C. illocutionary act D. none of the above31. The maxim of quality requires, do not say what you believe to be _____. A. false B. true C. brief D. orderly32. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to _____. A. utterance meaning B. speech act theory C. conversational implicatures D. all of the above33. Pragmatics is a study of A. language learning B. language acquisition C. language planning D. language in use 1133BABDC DABAC BABBA BDABB ACDII. True or false questions 1. Speech act theory was proposed by Austin and has been developed by Grice. F2. Searle suggests 5 basic categories of illocutionary acts as follows: assertives, missives, expressives, directive and declaratives. T 表述句，受約句，表情句，指令句，陳述句3. “We can do things with words” this is the main idea of the Speech Act Theory. T4. “I hereby declare war ” is the typical utterance of “speech act theory”. T5. At first , Austin classifies utterances into two types: constatives and performatives. T6. “Locution” means the speaker’s intention. F7. “Perlocution” is used to bring effects on the audience. T8. “Can you pass me the salt, please? ” is a question, but it is a direct speech act. F9. In a certain sense pragmatics studies how words influence the interpretation of utterances. F not words but contextual features F10. “Pragmatics “ is the study of meaning that is not accounted for in semantics. T11. “In Semantics” the sentence meaning should be studied. T X表達什么意義x12. “ In pragmatics ” the utterance meaning should be studied. T X想表達什么13. The CP Principle, put forward by P. Grice, has four maxims, for writing as well as speaking. F14. Deixis is a technical term for one of the most basic things we do with utterances. T15. “What’s that?” that is a location deixis. F person d Pragmatics is concerned with the study of _16____ as municated by a speaker and interpreted by a listener. It has consequently __17___ to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterances than what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by __18__. __19___ is the study of speaker meaning. 16. A. speech B. meaning C. utterance D. munication B17. A. less B. impossible C. possible D. more D18. A. itself B. himself C. themselves D. yourself C19. A. Semantics B. Context C. Syntax D. Pragmatics D4. Exercises to Chapter 4 SyntaxI. General view of syntax1. Syntax: studies the rules governing the way words are bined to form sentences.2. gender: as masculine, feminine, neuter, or animate, and inanimate.3. case: the syntaxtic relationship between words. Teacher’s , kiss him 賓格，主格，與格，芬蘭語有15種格4． Concord: agreement: a syntactic relationship agree with each other.5. Government : A word determines the form of 6. langue and paroleLangue: abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech munity. Stability Parole: actual speech 7. signified (concept) and signifier (sound image)1. 所指 2 能指 之間的關(guān)系是任意的 8. syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations Syntagmatic: what precedes or follows9. synchronic and diachronic linguistics 10. “Rheme” “Theme”負載交際能力最小的是主位。 ‘speak’ is unaspirated phonetically[ p=]. 9. [ph ], [p=] do not belong to the same phoneme / p /. 10. [p h] and [ p=] are two different phones, and are variants of the phoneme / p /, which is called ALLOPHONES of the same phoneme.BACDD CCACA DDABC DDBCB II. 2. F 3. T 4. T 8. T 9. F 10. TI. Choose the best choice(語音)1. Which is a voiced bilabial stop?A. [m] B. [v] C. [p] D. [b]2. Which is a voiceless affricate?A. [w] B. [f] C. [t∫] D. [n]3. Which is monophothong?A. [i] B. [au] C. [ai] D. [ei]4. Which is a voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p] B. [m] C. [b] D. [t]5. Which is a voiced affricate?A. [j] B. [z] C. [t∫] D. [dЗ]6. Which is a central vowel ?A. [i] B. [?:] C. [ou] D. [a:]7. In English if a word begins with [l] or [r] , then the next sound must be a ____.A. fricative B. nasal sound C. semivowel D. Vowel8. Which is a palatal fricative? A. [s] B. [k] C. [∫ ] D. [l]9. Which is not a English word? A. [r ?? b] B. [l230。 b ] C. [m?sta:∫] D. [lm230。1. Phonetics amp。 La