【正文】 文形式 2 。今天，許多人往往把發(fā)揮作為一個(gè)諷刺的基督信徒的虛偽和虛假標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的友誼和愛(ài)情，他們狡猾的方式追求世故和他們毫無(wú)偏見(jiàn)對(duì)猶太人（夏洛克） 。沉思的人，而不是采取行動(dòng) 。 lays the foundation of modern science。奠定了基礎(chǔ)的現(xiàn)代科學(xué) 。 his poems can be divided into two groups: the secular and the religious。 The songs and Sons a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes and a free range of feelings and moods。他的詩(shī)可分為兩類：一類的世俗和宗教 。歌曲和十四行詩(shī) 看似分散的多樣性方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和態(tài)度和自由一系列感情和情緒 。渲染和說(shuō)明國(guó)家正在戀愛(ài) 2 。 fight for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanist 一個(gè)多功能的作家 。 the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason 3. features: (1)a furtherance of the Renaissance – the Enlightenment Movement, advocated universal education (2)reason, eternal truth, eternal justice, eternal equality was what human society should seek for。年齡： 1660 年至 1798 年 2 ?？焖侔l(fā)展的英國(guó)作為一個(gè)國(guó)家 。特點(diǎn)： （ 1 ）促進(jìn)文藝復(fù)興 啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)，提倡普及教育 （ 2 ）因此， “永恒的真理” ， “永恒正義” ， “永恒的平等”就是人類社會(huì)應(yīng)尋求 。 everything and anything in this world is vanity, have no value and no meaning。一切，在這個(gè)世界上什么是“虛榮” ，沒(méi)有任何價(jià)值，沒(méi)有意義，但這個(gè)城市“奠定基礎(chǔ)”的方式向富城，朝圣者不得不意義抗拒的誘惑的時(shí)候，他們正在通過(guò)） Is the most successful religious allegory in the English language。其目的是敦促人們遵守基督教教義，并尋求通過(guò)不斷的斗爭(zhēng)救贖自己的弱點(diǎn)和各種社會(huì)丑惡現(xiàn)象 Alexander Pope 亞歷山大 .蒲伯 Strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum Satiric\concise\smooth\graceful\wellbalanced style 大力倡導(dǎo)新古典主義，強(qiáng)調(diào)文學(xué)作品應(yīng)該是評(píng)判古典規(guī)則秩序，因此，邏輯，克制情緒，品味和禮儀 On Criticism 論批評(píng) a prehensive study of the theories of literary criticism。 written in the form of heroic couplets, it39。一個(gè)典型的說(shuō)教 1 。 諷刺 \簡(jiǎn)明 \順利 \優(yōu)雅 \均衡的風(fēng)格 Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾 .笛弗 A very good storyteller。他的判決有時(shí)短，清晰和平原，有時(shí)長(zhǎng)，雜亂，這對(duì)讀者留下的印象休閑敘事 順利 \容易 \口語(yǔ) \大多白話 Robinson Crusoe 魯賓遜漂流記 Adventure on a deserted island。 a song of courage, wisdom, struggle against the hostile natural environment 冒險(xiǎn)一荒島上 。一首歌的勇氣，智慧 ，斗爭(zhēng)敵對(duì)自然環(huán)境 Jonathan Swift 喬納森 .斯威特 Is almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose。 Houyhnhnm 四個(gè)地方：小人國(guó)，大人國(guó)，飛島 。 the first to give the modern novel its structure and style。 ―Father of the English Novel ‖。首次向現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)的結(jié)構(gòu)和風(fēng)格 。之父“的英文小說(shuō)” ， ―公正的副本人類禮儀“ 簡(jiǎn)單 \ unlaboured \熟悉 \極為生動(dòng)和有力的 \邏輯和節(jié)奏 Tom Jones 湯姆 .瓊 斯 Samuel Johnson 賽繆爾 .約翰遜 Very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes。不管多么復(fù)雜的句子，思想始終是明確表示 To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield 致可敬的吉士菲爾伯爵書 A strong indignation at the Earl39。 implying writers independence in economy and writing。意味著作家獨(dú)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)和寫作 。 in The School of Scandal A story about two brothers Brinsley Sheridan 理查德德 .比 .謝立丹 his plays, morality is the constant theme 唯一重要的英語(yǔ)戲劇家的十八世紀(jì)，在他的戲劇，道德是不變的主題 造謠學(xué)校 講述兩兄弟 Thomas Gray 扥馬斯 .格雷 The leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially ―the Graveyard School 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的感傷詩(shī)的一天，尤其是“墓地學(xué)校 ‖ Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓園挽歌 挽歌作者在一國(guó)墓地墓園挽歌 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓園挽歌 挽歌作者在一國(guó)墓地墓園挽歌 The Romantic Period 1. age: 17981870 2. background: ing along with the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution 3. features: (1)contrary with the neoclassicism: emphasize that man have in mon, focuses on the special qualities of individual mind (2)tend to probe into the inner world of the human spirit rather narrate daily happenings of the human world (3)employ rural scenery, legendary and mythological, stories of ancient times, figures from country and Orientals (4)produce a number of great poets, the Romantic period is an age of poetry (5)the focus of the everyday life of human beings in the Age brought about the flourishing of familiar essays 浪漫主義時(shí)期 1 。背景：今后隨著法國(guó)大革命和工業(yè)革命 3 。 the spokesman of vevolt。發(fā)言人 vevolt 。 2. reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children 1 。 2 。 a poet in memory of the past, to him, life is a cyclical journey, its beginning finally turns out to be its end。 the joys and sorrows of the mon people are his themes。 reveal the inner workings of individual‘s mind。 poetry originates from ―emotion recollected in tranquillity‖ 一個(gè)“信徒的性質(zhì)” 。倡導(dǎo)的共同撰寫人在普通語(yǔ)言 。的自然景色Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌謠集 Tintern Abbey 丁登寺旁 （（ I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我孤獨(dú)地漂泊猶如一片浮云 Composed upon Westminster Bridge 作于西敏寺橋上 She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 她居住在人跡罕至的地方 A vivid picture of a beautiful morning I n London。倫敦 。透露內(nèi)部運(yùn)作的個(gè)人的心靈 。詩(shī)歌源自“ 情感回憶的安寧 ” The Solitary Reaper 孤獨(dú)的割麥女） Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞繆爾 .特勒 .科勒律治 Can be divided into two groups: the demonic and conversational。 Kubla Khan 忽必烈漢 Describes the pleasure dome of the Khan。 Gee Gordon Byron 喬治 .戈登 .拜 倫 ‘s chief contribution: ―Byronic hero‖: Such a hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Passionate and powerful, he is right all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and he would fight single – handedly against all the misdoings, political, religious and moral. Thus his figure is a rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions. GGByron 的主要貢獻(xiàn)： ― Byronic 英雄” ：這樣的英雄是一個(gè)值得驕傲的，神秘人物的崇高反叛來(lái)源。因此，他的數(shù)字是一個(gè)叛逆的個(gè)人對(duì)陳腐的社會(huì)制度和 公約。 ―If Winter es, can Spring be far behind?‖ expressed eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality 1 。秋天的風(fēng)，埋葬死者一年，準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)新的春天， ―如果冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？ ‖ 表示渴望享受無(wú)限自由的現(xiàn)實(shí) John Keats 約翰 .濟(jì)慈 Sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery。精確和嚴(yán)密建設(shè)，感性描述 Ode to an Grecian Urn 希臘 古 甕 頌 Show the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion 查看對(duì)比的永恒藝術(shù)與人的激情頃刻 Jane Austen 簡(jiǎn) .奧斯汀 Main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships。 The Descent of Man shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith (2)Utilitarianism: whether it could promote the material happiness (3)so