【正文】 f Microanisms by AFLP(TM) and ERICanchor PCR 40. The use of pulsedfield gel electrophoresis to study bacteria recovered from the environment 41. Easy individual strain and munity typing by rDNA ITS1 analysis 42. In situ PCR methodologies for visualization of microscale geic and taxonomic diversities of prokaryotic munities 43. Sensitive multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization for the identification of environmental microanisms 44. Use of Cloned Artificial Targets for FISH (catFISH) for the optimization of oligonucleotide probe hybridization conditions with 16S rRNA clones for in situ quantification of uncultivated prokaryotic cells 45. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) in microbial ecology 46. Fungal Community Analysis using PCR Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) 47. The Analysis of Microbial Communities with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP) 48. Microbial munity analysis by PCRsinglestrand conformation polymorphism (PCRSSCP) 49. Isolation of high molecular weight genomic DNA from soil bacteria for genomic library construction 50. Use of Biolog(R) for the Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) of environmental samples 51. Fluorescent staining of microbes for total direct counts 52. Detection of microbes by Scanning Confocal Laser Microscopy (SCLM) 53. Production of antimicrobial antibodies and their utilization in studies of microbial autecology by immunofluorescence microscopy and in situ CMEIAS image analysis 54. The slide immunoenzymatic assay (SIA): A simple and low cost system suitable for detecting waterborne microbes without the need for sophisticated technological infrastructure 55. In situ hybridization to detect microbial messenger RNA in plant tissues 56. Fatty acid analysis in the identification, taxonomy and ecology of (plant pathogenic) bacteria 57. Determination of microbial munity structure using phospholipid fatty acid profiles 58. Respiratory lipoquinones as biomarkers 59. Environmental Proteomics: Methods and Applications for Aquatic Ecosystems 60. Natural transformation in aquatic environments 61. Natural transformation in soil: microcosm studies 62. Plasmid Transfer in Aquatic Environments 63. Conjugation in the epilithon 64. Detection of bacterial conjugation in soil 65. Transduction in the aquatic environment 66. Phage ecology and geic exchange in soil 67. Lac as a marker gene to track microbes in the environment 68. XylE as a marker gene for microanisms 69. GUS as a marker to track microbes 70. The celB marker gene 71. Visualisation of microbes and their interactions in the rhizosphere using auto fluorescent proteins as markers 72. Identification of bacteria by their intrinsic sequences: Probe design and testing of their specificity 73. Subtraction hybridization for the production of high specificity DNA probes 74. Considerations for the use of functional markers and field release of geically engineered microanisms to soils and plants 75. Application of ecological diversity statistics in microbial ecology 76. Sampling efficiency and interpretation of diversity in 16S rRNA gene libraries 77. LIBSHUFF Comparisons of 16S rRNA Gene Clone Libraries 78. Cluster analysis and statistical parison of molecular munity profile data 79. Computerassisted analysis of molecular fingerprint profiles and database construction 80. Multivariate statistical methods and artificial neural works for analysis of microbial munity molecular fingerprints 81. Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH): statistical methods for valid cell counting 82. Oligonucleotide probe design for mixed microbial munity microarrays and other applications and important considerations for data analysis 83. Design of microarrays for genomewide expression profiling 84. Assessment of the membrane potential, intracellular pH and respiration of bacteria employing fluorescence techniques 85. Use of microelectrodes to measure in situ microbial activities in biofilms, sediments, and microbial mats 86. Application of wholecell biosensors in soil 87. Detection of bacterial homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals 88. BrdU Substrate Utilization Assay 89. Stable isotope probing of nucleic acids to identify active microbial populations 90. Linking microbial munity structure and functioning: stable isotope (13C) labeling in bination with PLFA analysis 91. Correlating singlecell count with function in mixed natural microbial munities through STARFISH 92. Differential display of mRNA 93. Macroarrays protocols for gene expression studies in bacteria 94. Oligonucleotidebased functional gene arrays for analysis of microbial munities in the environment 95. Proteomic Analysis of Bacterial Systems Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual Kluwer Academic Publishers2020 Section 1 Isolation of Nucleic Acids Simplified protocols for the preparation of genomic DNA from bacterial cultures Edward Moore1, Angelika Arnscheidt1, Ante Kr220。ger1, Carsten Str214。 b) extractions with anic solvents。C) technique. This method is often used in procedures for extracting nucleic acids directly from environmental samples, such as soil and sediment [22]. Such a treatment enhances bacterial cell disruption (., particularly species producing protective capsular slime and those involved in the formation of biofilms) by inducing phase changes in cell membranes through successive, rapid, extremes in temperature which render cells more susceptible to enzymatic and detergent lysis. Nucleic acid extractions The isolation of DNA from cells (., selectively eliminating other cellular ponents except the DNA) is the most straightforward of the three general steps. The methods of choice for extractions, traditionally, have involved the application of anic solvents (., ph