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serious. Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A) Husband and wife. B) Teacher and student. C) Patient and doctor. D) Manager and secretary. 分析 :正確答案為 A。 考生需要掌握不同場景或職業(yè)以及說話關系不同時常使用的關鍵詞: In a shop: how much, size, style, color… In a clinic: What’s wrong? What’s the matter? How do you feel? Medicine, pill… In a restaurant: order, table, service, food, menu… At the airport: flight, land, take off… (三) Section C:短文填空題 Section C 首先,了解短文的大致意思,注意要求填入的單詞或詞組所在句子的意思;其次,了解全文的主要時態(tài);再次,判斷空格部分在句子中所作成分,了解要求填入單詞或詞組的詞性(動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞)。如果填入的是名詞,應該弄清楚是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,通過上下文確定用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)??忌⒁庹莆湛季V中五個字母以上的單詞。測試 范圍包括《高職高專教育英語課程教學基本要求》(簡稱《基本要求》中的“詞匯表”和“語法結構表”所規(guī)定的內容。 Section A 部分為單項選擇題,要求從每題的 4個選項中選出一個最佳的答案,占總分值的 5%; Section B 部分要求根據(jù)所給的句子的結構和內容,寫出括號里所給單詞的適當形式。 二、題型介紹 A、詞匯( Vocabulary) 根據(jù)《基本要求》基本要求,參加高等學校應用應用能力 B 級考試的考試須“認知 2500個英語單詞(包括入學時要求掌握的 1000 個單詞)以及由這些詞構成的常用詞組,對其中1500 個左右的單詞能正確拼讀拼寫,英漢互譯”。既有對詞義的辨析,又有對詞形的轉換,考試的題型包括選擇題和填空題。 本題主要是考查考生對 money(金錢,貨幣), payment(付款,支付,報酬,償還),value(價值,估價,評價,價格), profit(利潤,益處,得益)四個單詞的詞義辨析,根據(jù)句子的意思, C 是最佳選項。 本題考查詞形的轉換。空格后的 of 介詞短語也應修飾名詞性質的中心詞。 B、語法結構( Structure) 語法結構式高等學校英語應用能力 B 級 考試中的重要項目,主要是測試考生對主謂一致、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、虛擬語氣、各種從句、倒裝結構、強調句型以及形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級等常用語法結構的掌握情況。 例如: 1. Life is enjoyable to people are open to new ideas. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 【正確答案】 C 【參考譯文】易于接受新思想的人生活會更愜意。此處定語從句所卻成分為主語,先行詞是 people,表示人,因此關系代詞應用 who,即 C 答案。 本題考查的是 as soon as 引導的從句與主句時態(tài)的用法。有此類似用法的還有 if,unless 等引導的條件狀語從句。常見的詞形轉換形式包括形容詞轉換成名詞,名詞轉換成形容詞,形容詞轉換成副詞,名詞轉換成動詞,動詞轉換成名詞等等。 例如: The small village has bee (wide) known in recent years for its silk exports. 【正確答案】 widely 【參考譯文】這個小村莊近幾年來因絲綢出口而名聲大振??崭裆系脑~應該修飾后面的形容詞,所有空格內應填入副詞,將括號里的形容詞 wide 轉換成副詞 widely。 ※ 詞形轉換中常用的詞綴: 1) 名詞后綴 er: adviser, founder, player or: investor, editor, operator ar: beggar, scholar, burglar ist: scientist, artist, tourist ee: employee, interviewee, examinee eer: engineer, pioneer, volunteer ess: hostess, waitress, actress ian: musician, technician, politician ier: cashier, soldier, premier ant: assistant, contestant, inhabitant man : sportsman, fireman, spokesman ism : socialism, racism, optimism ness: illness, sickness, coldness (a)tion: preparation, explanation, intention ion: discussion, decision, persuasion ment: development, investment, advertisement ing: building, reading, swimming ship: friendship, hardship, relationship hood: childhood, motherhood, boyhood age: marriage, carriage, shortage ty: safety, variety, anxiety ity: reality, ability, activity y: discovery, bravery, honesty th: truth, health, strength al: arrival, approval, survival ance: acceptance, reliance, dependence ce: difference, importance, patience 2) 形容詞后綴 ful: colorful, successful, wonderful less: careless, helpless, useless ish: foolish, selfish, English ive: active, attractive, effective ous: dangerous, famous, generous able: acceptable, fortable, valuable\ ible: possible, responsible, visible ic: realistic, domestic, fantastic ical: medical, logical, musical al: critical, national, industrial y: funny, dirty, tasty ly: friendly, lovely, weekly ent: dependent, different, tolerant ary: elementary, temporary, imaginary some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome like: childlike, womanlike, manlike en: golden, wooden, earthen ed: worried, frightened, flooded ing: interesting, boring, leading ate: fortunate, considerate ior: inferior, junior, superior 3) 動詞后綴 ize: modernize, criticize, realize ate: translate, delegate en: widen, lengthen, strengthen ify: satisfy, identify, qualify 4) 副詞后綴 ly: really, wonderfully, properly wards: forwards, downwards wise: clockwise, otherwise 5) 否定前綴 un: unhappy, unfortunate, unfortable dis: dishonesty, disagree, disabled in: informal, incorrect, invaluable im: impolite, impossible, improper ir: irregular, irresponsible il: illegal, illogical 固定搭配 固定搭配的題型通常是以選擇題的形式來命題的,考查學生對大綱詞匯中的詞語固定搭配、短語意義以及用法的掌握情況??忌痤}時,應根據(jù)題目所需要補充的語義和結構內容,從題干所給的四個選項中選取在意義上和語法結構上都正確的答案。 分析 :本題考查的是動詞短語的辨析, ran into 撞上,偶遇,陷入; put on 穿上,假裝; take away 取走; shut down (把窗子等)關上,(使)機器等關閉,根據(jù)句子的意思選項 A最為恰當。近義近形詞的辨析經常以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn),考查學生對近義近形詞語義或用法上的差異的掌握。 分析: 本題考查的是形容詞詞義的辨析,這四個單詞都是字母 e 開頭,但是在語義上有很大的區(qū)別, economic 經濟的, easy 容易的, expensive 昂貴的, effective 有效的。 B、語法結構專項 主謂一致 主謂一致是英語的一項重要語法內容,也是 B 級考試必考的語法點之一。一般來說,主語為單數(shù),謂語 動詞常用單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù),謂語動詞也要用復數(shù)。當句子的主語有 both 或 and 連接的兩個或兩個以上的人或物時,謂語動詞需用復數(shù)形式。 下列是考試中常見的主謂一致現(xiàn)象: 1)單個的動詞不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動 詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但在“ one of+復數(shù)名詞 +定語從句”的結構中,從句的謂語常用復數(shù)形式;而在“ the only one of +復數(shù)名詞 +定語從句”的結構中,從句的謂語常用單數(shù)形式。 例如: Tom, as well as two of his friends, was invited to the party yesterday. 分析 :本句中謂語動詞與 介詞短語 as well as two of his friends 前的主語 Tom 保持人稱和數(shù)的方面一致,因此謂語動詞的形式是一般過去時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts. Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 在 there be 句型 中 主語是一系列事物時 ,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致 . 例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. 5) many a 或 more than one 加名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 例如: Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war. (謂語動詞 was 與 of 后面的名詞 the city 保持數(shù)方面的一致 ) Twothirds of the people are against the war. (謂語動詞 are 與 of 后面的名詞 the people 保持數(shù)方面的一致 ) 8) and 連接的兩個名詞作主語,如果是指同一個 人或事件,而且 and 后的名詞前沒有冠詞,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。確定時態(tài)的依據(jù)是時間狀語和句子的意義。 分析 : 本題考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。 I at 130 kilometers per hour when the policeman stopped me. A. had driven B. have driven C. drive D. was driving 【正確答案】 D 【參考譯文】當警察攔下我時,我正以每小時 130 公里的速度疾駛。本題中 when 引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞發(fā)生時,主句表示動作正在進行,故主句時態(tài)應用進行時;動作