【正文】 direct quotation, or by some other method (eg indirect speech, free indirect speech)? Are there significant changes of style with respect to different persons (narrator or character) who is supposedly speaking or thinking the words on the page? What is the point of view of the story? Are the frequent shifts of point view? If so, in whose voice is the narrator speaking?What is symbol?it—usually an idea conventionally associated with it. Objects like flags and crosses can function symbolically。As rhetorical device, symbol is different from metaphor, which is literally false but figuratively true. Unlike allegory, which represents abstract terms like “l(fā)ove” or “truth,” symbols are perceptible objects. In literature almost anything—particular objects, characters, setting, and actions—can be symbolic if the author wishes to make it so by either hinting or insisting that the material means more than it literally does. Symbols are suggested through special treatment such as imagery, repetition, connotative language, or other artistic devices. he hints that some sad, passionate spirit is brooding as it watches the passing procession of humanity. Such an object is a symbol: in literature, a symbol is a thing that refers or suggests more than its literal meaning. There are quite a lot of symbols that appear in ordinary life, for the use of symbol is by no means of limited to literature and art. For instance, a dove is a symbol of peace, the flag is the symbol of a country, and the cross is the symbol of the Christian religion. These are symbols adopted by a whole society and are recognized by all members of such a society. There are other kinds of symbols, such as figure 3, which may be abstract symbols. But symbols in literature works are different from either of the other types. Generally speaking, a literary symbol does not have a mon social acceptance, as does the flag。 they point, they hint, or, as Henry James put it, they cast long shadows. The term symbolism refers to the use of symbols, or to a set of related symbols, which is one of the devices that enrich short fiction and pensate for its briefness in space.Symbol is generally acknowledged to be one of the most frequently employed devices in poetry. In works of fiction it is no less frequent and no less important. The fact is that, when a reader reads a work of fiction, his focus is mostly cast upon the plot, the character, and the language used, so that the symbols are automatically backgrounded on the reader’s part. But in some novels and stories, the symbolism looms so large that the reader will fail to get a prehensive understanding of the work without paying special attention to the symbols. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of such works. The very title points to a double symbol: the scarlet letter A worn by Hester conveys a multiple of senses which differ greatly from what it literally stands for, and the work eventually develops into a test and critique of symbols themselves. Thomas Pynchon’s V. continues along much the same line, testing an alphabetical symbol. Another example is Herman Melville’s MobyDick, in which the huge white whale in the title of the book acquires greater meaning than the literal dictionarydefinition of an aquatic mammal. It also suggests more than the devil, to whom some of the characters liken it. The huge whale, as the story unfolds, es to imply an amplitude of meanings: among them the forces of nature and the whole universe. on the other hand, the white whale is invested with different meanings for different crew members through the handling of materials in the novel. Similarly, in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, rain, which is generally regarded as a symbol of life (especially in spring), and which is a mildly annoying meteorological phenomenon in the opening chapter, is converted into a symbol of death through the uses to which it is put in the work.Often symbols we meet in fiction are inanimate objects. In William Faulker’s “A Rose for Emily,” Miss Emily’s invisible but perceptible watch ticking at the end of a golden chain not only indicates the passage of time, but suggests that time passes without even being noticed by the watch’s owner. The golden chain to which it is attached carries suggestions of wealth and authority. Other things may also function symbolically. In James Joyce’s “Araby,” the very name of the bazzar, Araby—the poetic name for Arabia—suggests magic, romance, and The Arabian Nights。 in Ernest Hemingway’s “A Clean, WellLighted Place” is not merely a caf233。自隋唐迄于北宋，不少帝王崇信道教，開始在武當(dāng)山修建道觀，明永樂十年至嘉靖年間建成9宮、8觀、36庵堂、72巖廟，形成氣勢(shì)宏大、雄偉壯觀的33座古建筑群，成為當(dāng)時(shí)“皇室家廟”和全國(guó)最大的道場(chǎng)。武當(dāng)山素以迤邐的自然風(fēng)光、神秘的道教文化、驚世絕倫的古建筑群和玄妙的武當(dāng)武術(shù)強(qiáng)烈地吸引著世界各地的旅游者，是我國(guó)眾多旅游勝地中的一朵奇葩。特別是2003年湖北省省委、省政府關(guān)于“6然而，武當(dāng)山西神道即武當(dāng)山國(guó)家森林公園是尚待開發(fā)的處女地，仍處于旅游冷線。與武當(dāng)山東神道既可合二為一，形成東、西循環(huán)旅游圈。目前，武當(dāng)山國(guó)家森林公園已具備開發(fā)建設(shè)的條件。使游客達(dá)到“情在自然中凈化，意在自然中升華”和“物我兩忘，山水相融，天人合一”的神妙境界，充分體驗(yàn)和享受回歸大自然、反璞歸真的無窮樂趣。四、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)主要內(nèi)容（一）旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目公園大門建設(shè)興建旅游公路加強(qiáng)電力基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)加強(qiáng)供水排污設(shè)施建設(shè)辟建索道（二）古建筑景點(diǎn)恢復(fù)與修繕五龍行宮恢復(fù)與修繕仁威觀恢復(fù)與修繕隱仙巖恢復(fù)與修繕五龍宮恢復(fù)與修繕西神道古神道的修繕（三）旅游配套服務(wù)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目為增進(jìn)武當(dāng)山國(guó)家森林公園旅游服務(wù)水平，新建旅游休閑度假村、避暑山莊、水上娛樂園、旅游購(gòu)物、旅游運(yùn)輸?shù)嚷糜闻涮追?wù)設(shè)施。59′11″—110176。27′39″—32176。地勢(shì)地貌武當(dāng)山國(guó)家森林公園屬大巴山脈東延部分北坡的武當(dāng)山系地段，境內(nèi)崇山峻嶺，溝壑縱橫，高峰林立，局部地區(qū)澗深谷幽，低洼如盆，主要山峰有五龍峰、松蘿、臘梅峰、青羊靖峰等，最高海拔1080米，最低海拔168米。氣候武當(dāng)山國(guó)家森林公園屬北亞熱帶半濕潤(rùn)溫暖季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，由于秦嶺大巴山脈天然屏障，削弱了北方冷空氣的侵襲，呈現(xiàn)出東南季風(fēng)氣候特征。（二）動(dòng)植物資源概況森林資源優(yōu)越的氣候土壤條件有利于植物種群的生存和繁衍。由于海拔高差懸殊，植物垂直分布帶系明顯，既有人工栽培，又有天然分布。海拔500米以上多為杉木、馬尾松、櫟類等針、闊葉樹種，木本多為化香、鹽膚木和黃檀等，草本多為黃毛草、野白菊花、蕨類等。其中屬國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)的有水杉等31種；國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)的有國(guó)槐、杜仲、香果樹、水青樹、鵝掌楸、天師栗、金錢槭、領(lǐng)春木、紫莖、白梓、天目木蘭、紅椿等。據(jù)《本草綱目》中記載，中草藥1892種中武當(dāng)山就分布有700多種，其中就有九仙子、絞股藍(lán)、追風(fēng)草、天麻、田七以及江邊一碗水、文王一支筆、頭頂一顆珠、七葉一支花、金釵、靈芝等名貴藥材。據(jù)調(diào)查，公園內(nèi)獸類7目、18科、49種，屬國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)的動(dòng)物有金錢豹、金貓，國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物有大靈貓、王冠鹿、斑羚、林麝（香獐）、穿山甲、水獺、小靈貓、飛鼠等。鳥類資源也很豐富，據(jù)華中師范大學(xué)生物系考察，林間鳥類有133種、15目、15科，其中被列為國(guó)家二級(jí)保護(hù)的有12種，主要有紅腹錦雞、鳳頭鷹、太陽(yáng)鳥等，較為珍貴的有布谷鳥、白頭翁、畫眉、啄木鳥等。明代自永樂十年至二十一年（1412－—1424）年間，御用軍民工匠30萬(wàn)人，經(jīng)過12年的營(yíng)建，形成了號(hào)稱9宮、8觀、36庵堂、72巖廟的33座道教古建筑群，武當(dāng)山成為皇家道觀宮殿座落的地方。武當(dāng)山古代建筑宏偉壯觀、技藝精湛、雕塑細(xì)膩、工程艱巨，實(shí)乃巧奪天工，為世所罕見，閃耀著我國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)人民智慧之光，被稱為“補(bǔ)秦皇漢