【正文】 re was a light in the porter’s lodge: when we reached it, we found the porter’s wife just kindling her fire: my trunk, which had been carried down the evening before, stood corded at the door. It wanted but a few minutes of six, and shortly after that hour had struck, the distant roll of wheels announced the ing coach。 there it was at the gates with its four horses and its top laden with passengers: the guard and coachman loudly urged haste。 I was taken from Bessie’s neck, to which I clung with kisses. ? ‘Be sure and take good care of her,’ cried she to the guard, as he lifted me into the inside. ? ‘Ah, ah!’ was the answer: the door was slapped to, a voice exclaimed ‘All right,’ and on we drove. Thus was I severed from Bessie and Gateshead: thus whirled away to unknown, and, as I then deemed, remote and mysterious regions. ? I remember but little of the journey。 the horses were taken out, and the passengers alighted to dine. I was carried into an inn, where the guard wanted me to have some dinner。 for I believed in kidnappers, their exploits having frequently figured in Bessie’s fireside chronicles. At last the guard returned: once more I was stowed away in the coach, my protector mounted his own seat, sounded his hollow horn, and away we rattled over the ‘stony street’ of L— (Charlotte Bront235。小簡愛還沒有離開她所熟悉的環(huán)境，離 “ 家 ” 遠(yuǎn)行的事實(shí)畢竟還只存在于她的想象之中 被動(dòng)語態(tài)激增。小簡愛被人從保姆的手中抱走，方寸大亂，面臨一個(gè) “ 未知、遙遠(yuǎn)而神秘的世界 ” 逐漸適應(yīng)陌生的環(huán)境，忐忑的心緒有所緩和，被動(dòng)語態(tài)相應(yīng)地降到 %。 文學(xué)理論視野中的結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù) ?“結(jié)構(gòu)的重復(fù)與再現(xiàn)到了何種程度才算是 前景化 ，是極難給出一個(gè)普遍的原則的，因?yàn)樘囟ǖ慕Y(jié)構(gòu)能否給人以 突出 的感覺取決于該結(jié)構(gòu)所處的 話語語境 。 文學(xué)理論視野中的結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù) 但在敘述故事時(shí)，即便是少數(shù)幾個(gè)句子 用了 被動(dòng)語態(tài) ， 而不是主動(dòng)語態(tài)， 都有可能給人以 異感 （ oddity）， 因?yàn)閿⑹鲶w作品的讀者一般 認(rèn)定 ， 這一體裁的實(shí)質(zhì)是由一系列主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作 （ actions）組成的。 ? 3a. 管車人和馬車夫 ......將我的箱子托上去。 ? 5a. 就這樣，我離開了貝茜，離開了蓋茨海德 , ? 6a. 駛向了一個(gè)新的地方 ? 7a. 管車人把我?guī)У揭患铱偷? ? 8a. 我的保護(hù)人 ......把我抱到馬車上 ?既然福勒認(rèn)為，“在敘述故事時(shí)，即便是少數(shù)幾個(gè)句子用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而不是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，都有可能給人以異感，”既然漢語也有著發(fā)達(dá)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，那 為什么我們在翻譯中就非得要顛倒語序，變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)呢？ 為什么原文讀者所能體驗(yàn)到的 “異感” 就不能讓譯文的讀者也來領(lǐng)略一下呢？ 質(zhì)疑 改譯 ? 1b. 我的箱子前一天晚上就被拿下來了， ? 2b. …… 被繩子捆綁著立在門邊。 ?—— 凸顯“我”的弱小無助、任人擺布 二、語義連貫 ?句際之間的語義關(guān)系是通過相關(guān)詞匯之間的語義關(guān)系而聯(lián)通的。 ??這種銜接是詞項(xiàng)之間的一種聯(lián)系功能，兼有語義的方面 —— 同義關(guān)系（ synonymy）、上義關(guān)系（ hyponymy）、轉(zhuǎn)指關(guān)系（ metonymy）、等等 —— 和純詞匯的或同現(xiàn)的方面， ……”(Halliday amp。所以歸根到底，還是語義關(guān)系。 （ 2022） 詞匯銜接的兩種類型 ?復(fù)現(xiàn)（ reiteration） ?同現(xiàn)（ collocation） 句內(nèi)詞項(xiàng)之間的 collocation稱“搭配” 詞匯銜接的距離 ?近程銜接 ?遠(yuǎn)程銜接 韓禮德論遠(yuǎn)程銜接 ?詞匯銜接通過關(guān)鍵詞的出現(xiàn)可以跨越很長的篇幅而得以維系，這些關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)于特定語篇的意義來說具有特別的意味。 return to the nursery,’ was her mandate. My look or something else must have struck her as offensive, for she spoke with extreme though suppressed irritation. I got up。 I came back again?！彼畹?。我站起身來，朝門口走去，但又返了回來，穿過房間，向窗口走去，一直走到她的面前。我一直受到殘酷的欺壓，我要反擊， ...... (浙江文藝版 《 簡 return to the nursery,’ was her mandate. My look or something else must have struck her as offensive, for she spoke with extreme though suppressed irritation. I got up。 I came back again。 …… 我要說話 與原文相比，語氣上有何不同？ 改譯 ? “出去，回兒童室去。準(zhǔn)是我的眼神或者別的什么地方冒犯了她，她說話的時(shí)候，雖然拼命克制，仍然顯得極其惱火。 ? 說話，我要說話?！? （ Lodge, 1966: 121） 案例 6：原文 ? Strange energy was in his voice, strange fire in his look. (Bront235。s head, bending with native grace before his young and austere master, I saw a glow rise to that master’s face. I saw his solemn eye melt with sudden fire, and flicker with resistless emotion. (.: 390) ? ... but as his wife at his side always, and always restrained, and always checked forced to keep the fire of my nature continually low,…. ( .: 433) 案例 6：原譯 ? 他的聲音里有一種奇特的力量，他的眼神中有一種奇特的激情。愛 》 ： 137） ? 當(dāng)她在它那年輕的主人面前，帶著天生的優(yōu)雅彎下身去拍著狗的腦袋，我看出那個(gè)主人的臉上升起一陣紅光。（ .: 344） ? 而一旦做了他的妻子 —— 時(shí)時(shí)陪伴在他的左右，受他的限制、阻攔，被迫壓低自己的天性 （ .: 386） 譯者在此成了滅火的消防員 改譯 ?他的聲音里有一種奇特的力量，他的眼神中有一團(tuán)奇特的火。我看到他莊嚴(yán)的目光仿佛融化在一團(tuán)突如其來的火中，閃動(dòng)著一股無法抗拒的激情。 2. 同義性銜接 ?這里所說的同義是個(gè)廣義的概念，包括（狹義的）同義關(guān)系、近義關(guān)系、反義關(guān)系、上下義關(guān)系和部分整體關(guān)系（ Halliday,1994: 331333） 案例 7：原文 ? “ Are there any letters for .?” I asked. ? She peered at me over her spectacles, and then she opened a drawer and fumbled among its contents for a long time, so long that my hopes began to falter. At last, having held a document before her glasses for nearly five minutes, she presented it across the counter, acpanying the act by another inquisitive and mistrustful glanceit was for . ? Is there only one? I demanded. ? There are no more, said she。 rules obliged me to be back by eight, and it was already halfpast seven. 案例 7：原文（續(xù)） ? Various duties awaited me on my arrival. I had to sit with the girls during their hour of study。 to see them to bed: af