【正文】 他檢驗(yàn)以及勘察工作。除非承包人同意此項(xiàng)工作按變更對(duì)待，一般應(yīng)將新增工程按一個(gè)單獨(dú)的合同來對(duì)待。變更程序頒發(fā)工程接收證書前的任何時(shí)間，工程師可以通過發(fā)布變更指示或以要求承包商遞交建議書的任何一種方式提出變更。指示的內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括詳細(xì)的變更內(nèi)容、變更工程量、變更項(xiàng)目的施工技術(shù)要求和有關(guān)部門文件圖紙，以及變更處理的原則。 ②承包商應(yīng)盡快予以答復(fù)。另一種情況是承包商依據(jù)工程師的指示遞交實(shí)施此項(xiàng)變更的說明，內(nèi)容包括：將要實(shí)施的工作的說明書以及該工作實(shí)施的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃；承包商依據(jù)合同規(guī)定對(duì)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃和竣工時(shí)間作出任何必要個(gè)性的建議，提出工期順延要求；承包商對(duì)變更估價(jià)的建議，提出變更費(fèi)用要求。④承包商在等待答復(fù)期間，不應(yīng)延誤任何工作。⑥承包商提出的變更建議書，只是作為工程師決定是否實(shí)施變更的參考。（3）變更估價(jià)的原則 承包人按照工程師的變更指示實(shí)施變更工作后，往往會(huì)涉及對(duì)變更工程的估價(jià)問題。計(jì)算變更工程應(yīng)采用的費(fèi)率或價(jià)格，可分為三種情況：①變更工作在工程量表中有同種工作內(nèi)容的單價(jià)或價(jià)格，應(yīng)以該單價(jià)計(jì)算變更工程費(fèi)用。②工程量表中雖然列有同種工作內(nèi)容的單價(jià)或價(jià)格，但對(duì)具體變更工作而言已不適用，則應(yīng)在原單價(jià)或價(jià)格的基礎(chǔ)上制定合理的新單價(jià)或價(jià)格。任何一方不能以工程量表中沒有此項(xiàng)價(jià)格為借口，將變更工作的單價(jià)定得過高或過低。（3）刪減原定工作后對(duì)承包商的補(bǔ)償工程師發(fā)布刪減工作的變更指示后承包商不再實(shí)施部分工作，合同價(jià)款中包括的直接費(fèi)部分沒有受到損害，但攤銷在該部分的間接費(fèi)、稅金和利潤則實(shí)際不能合理回收。為了控制工程造價(jià)，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制變更工程發(fā)生。在項(xiàng)目決策階段，一定要考慮周到，做到以后盡量不發(fā)生或少發(fā)生變更工程，以確保原合同價(jià)的不變?？⒐そY(jié)算是業(yè)主和施工單位都十分重視的工作，工程造價(jià)科室在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)上：要核對(duì)竣工工程內(nèi)容是否符合合同條件要求，工程是否竣工驗(yàn)收合格，合同中約定的結(jié)算方法、計(jì)價(jià)依據(jù)、取費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、主材價(jià)格和優(yōu)惠與承諾條件等。要落實(shí)設(shè)計(jì)變更簽證，設(shè)計(jì)變更要有原設(shè)計(jì)單位負(fù)責(zé)人簽字，并經(jīng)建設(shè)單位和監(jiān)理工程師簽字，重大設(shè)計(jì)變更要經(jīng)原設(shè)計(jì)審批部門審批，否則不應(yīng)列入竣工結(jié)算。要做到嚴(yán)格、合理、公平、公正。結(jié)尾建設(shè)工程造價(jià)的確定與投資控制的實(shí)質(zhì)就是運(yùn)用科學(xué)技術(shù)原理和經(jīng)濟(jì)及法律手段，解決工程建設(shè)活動(dòng)中的技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)、經(jīng)營與管理等實(shí)際問題，只有在項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的各個(gè)階段，采用科學(xué)的計(jì)價(jià)方法和切合實(shí)際的計(jì)價(jià)依據(jù)，合理確定投資估算、初步設(shè)計(jì)概算和施工圖預(yù)算，才能提高投資效益。參考文獻(xiàn): 劉伊生， 工程造價(jià)管理基礎(chǔ)理論與相關(guān)法規(guī)，中國計(jì)劃出版社出版 2009 商麗萍，建設(shè)工程經(jīng)濟(jì)，中國建筑工業(yè)出版社2011 商麗萍，建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目管理，中國建筑工業(yè)出版社2011 吳松，建設(shè)工程工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)規(guī)范，中國計(jì)劃出版社，2008 柯洪，工程造價(jià)計(jì)價(jià)與控制，中國計(jì)劃出版社，2009 閻文周，工程造價(jià)基礎(chǔ)理論，陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2002致 謝 本論文是在劉增峰的悉心指導(dǎo)和無微不至的關(guān)心下，由本人獨(dú)立完成。wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it39。rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and siste