【正文】 個重要的網(wǎng)站 ? ? ? ? ) ? (寄托天下論壇 ) ? (太傻網(wǎng) ) (4) 信心是保障 ? Once you make up your mind to succeed, failure will never defeat you ? To do much is to be much To do little is to be little ?閱讀能力薄弱的原因 ? 詞匯量不夠 ? 詞匯量足夠，但是沒掌握一詞多義 ? 無法在文中快速定位找答案 ? 單詞看得懂也能定位，但是放到句子就看不懂 ? 想要看懂每一句話，沒看懂不放心 ? Read iBT TOEFL Directions ? TPO (TOEFL Practice Online) ? ? Sample Test : Passage 22 on your handout ? Answer to Passage 22 ? 15 C D B B D ? 610 A B D D A ? 托?？荚嚾笤瓌t ? 不要通讀全文 ? 先讀段落首末句，然后帶著題目回原文找答案 ? 閱讀考試題目具有很強的客觀性 ? 原文必有出處，不能靠猜測 ?在速度與準確率無法兼得的情況下，一定以準確率為主 ? 不可以邊做題邊查字典 ?標點符號的用法： ?句號 —— 分隔句子 ?逗號 —— 逗號之間可以不用看 ?冒號 —— 抽象到具體的過程，表示解釋 ?分號 —— 并列（語義上和結(jié)構(gòu)上的并列） ?破折號 —— 之間是說明成分，可以不看 ?引號 —— 引用別人的觀點，表諷刺 ?括號 —— 解釋作用 閱讀的方法 ?精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?1. 簡單句 ： S+V+O ?2. 復(fù)合句 : 主句 +從句 ?3. 三大從句： ?泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 ?1. 快速閱讀方法 ?2. 閱讀中需要詳略結(jié)合 ?3. 理解單位擴大 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 1. 簡單句 ： S+V+O ? 謂動單一性原則 ：在一個句子中，有且只有一個 謂語動詞 ? I am a student study economics. ( ) ? I am a student studying economics (√) ? 非謂語動詞 ： 現(xiàn)在分詞 Ving 過去分詞 Ved(.) 不定式 to do 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 2. 復(fù)合句 : 主句 +從句 ?主句單一性原則：在一個句子中，有且只有一個 主句 ( 從句 可以有若干個 ) ? S+V+O, S+V+O ( ) SVO, and /but SVO SVO , 引導(dǎo)詞 +SVO 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? 3. 三大從句： 名詞性從句 ：主語從句、同位語從句、強調(diào)句型 形容詞性從句：定語從句 副詞性從句：狀語從句 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 Ⅰ 名詞性從句 （ 1） 主語從句 引導(dǎo)詞 : what, that, how, why, whether …… 結(jié)構(gòu)： ① That +S.+ V.+O. = n ② what /whatever+ S.+V. = n 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? Example ? What you said is right ?That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known 改寫 ： It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 Ⅰ 名詞性從句 （ 2） .同位語從句 : 同位語： n1, n2 → n1 = n2 同位語從句 S,n,. → S, that+ SVO, VO . The fact, that the ancestor of birds are dinosaurs , is known. 可接同位語的名詞多為抽象名詞，如： ? view, idea , suggestion, fact , reason, conclusion ,doubt……. . There is no doubt that he was a fine scholar 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? Test : Analyze the sentence structure (1) Though the actual boundaries and sizes and shapes of the plates are not known for sure, it has been postulated that there are six major plates. (2) It is generally accepted that the single super continent known as Pangaea indeed existed, that Panagaea subsequently broke apart into two giant pieces, Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, and that the continents attached to the various crystal plates separated and drifted in various directions. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? 強調(diào)句型 : It is …….. that + SV / + VO ?① . 注意強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu) “ It is /was + 被強調(diào)部分 + who/ that + 其它部分”，此結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為 “是 …… ； …… 正是”。如： 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? It was my sister whom I met in the street yesterday. ? It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. ? It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small town 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? 強調(diào)句型 : It is …….. that + SV / + VO ③ 強調(diào)句型通常強調(diào)主語、賓語和狀語，一般不強調(diào)謂語。 如 ： ? Do tell me where on earth you are now! ? Boys and girls, let me tell you something that does sound strange. ? To my surprise, he did e here on time last night. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 Ⅱ 形容性從句 ： 定語從句 ? 引導(dǎo)詞 ： ① : that , which , who, whom ② : when, where, whose ?結(jié)構(gòu) ： 第①類引導(dǎo)詞 第②類引導(dǎo)詞 ① + VO = a ② + SVO = a ① + SV = a 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 舉例 ? 第 I類引導(dǎo)詞 ? This is the pig that / which is very fat ? This is the pig that/which I ate ? This is the pig from which I make fun ? This is the pig, which is very fat ? This is the pig, which I ate ? This is the pig, from which I make fun 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?第 II 類 ： whose, when, where + SVO ?The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting. ?This is the place where I grew up. = in which I grew up. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?形容詞性從句的省略 ?① 當 that/which/whom在定于從句中充當 賓語時，可以將它們省略： This is the movie I love. ? ② 當 that/which 在定語從句中充當主語時，并且從句中的謂語動詞為 be動詞 時可將它們 省略 n. that/which + be …… → n, …… The house, which was built in 1919, was destroyed. The house, built in 1919, was destroyed. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?個別情況下 , which或 as在引導(dǎo)定語從句時，也指代前面 整個一句 As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which was associated with the spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which resulted in collision, seduction and mountain building 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? (III) 副詞性從句 : 省略 ?引導(dǎo)詞 when, though , while , although， if…… ?結(jié)構(gòu) When + s* + v*+adj/Ving/Ved, S+V+O ?省略條件： ① s* = S ② v* = be ? 則：從句的 主語 和 謂語 一起省略。 Detroit : 汽車城 ? Characteristics : ? abundance of ore， forestation, labor ? benefit from the transportation connection ? The land : ? The Midwest is the flattest region in the US. It is the only one with no mountain ranges ? The Midwest has more lakes than any other region in the country Midwest of America The Midwest of America ? One of the world’ s biggest open pit iron mines operates near Hibbing, Minnesota ? The tallest building in the United States is in Chicago. It is the Sears Tower, 110 stories or 1454 feet tall ? More cars and trucks are made in Michigan cities , such as Detroit and Flint ? Because Kansas is the nation’ s top wheatgrowing state, it has been called the breadbasket of America The Midwest of A