【正文】 quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language or ideas that appear in published or unpublished sources。 ? essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the ideas or words have, in fact, been borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person. Examination windows Issue: Argument: 5 Part2 Analysis of Argument What is Argument? The Analyze an Argument task assesses your ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments and to clearly convey your analysis in writing. The task consists of a brief passage in which the author makes a case for some course of action or interpretation of events by presenting claims backed by reasons and evidence. Your task is to discuss the logical soundness of the author39。s conclusions about people39。 for that matter, perhaps for women the 7 author39。s sales are likely to diminish greatly and their profits will no doubt decrease. We therefore advise Old Dairy stockholders to sell their shares and other investors not to purchase stock in this pany.// First, the excerpt fails to assure me that the survey results accurately reflect the desires of most consumers, or that the results accurately predict consumer behavior. Without evidence that the respondents39。s children. Yet this might not be the case, for a variety of possible reasons. Perhaps Parkville maintains more stringent safety standards than the national norm。s sporting events in Parkville are better supervised by adults, or supervised by more adults. Without ruling out such possibilities, the author cannot justifiably conclude that Parkville has a sportsinjury problem to begin with. False Cause ●Post hoc, ergo propter hoc(A occurs before B. Therefore A is the cause of B) 1 2 170、 20 21 2 239 8 //Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated。s, when television sets began to appear in the average home, the rate of crimes mitted by teenagers in the country of Alta has steadily increased. This increase in teenage crime parallels the increase in violence shown on television. According to several national studies, even very young children who watch a great number of television shows featuring violent scenes display more violent behavior within their home environment than do children who do not watch violent shows. Furthermore, in a survey conducted by the Observer, over 90 percent of the respondents were parents who indicated that primetime televisionprograms that are shown between 7 . and 9 show less violence. Therefore, in order to lower the rate of teenage crime in Alta, television viewers should demand that television programmers reduce the amount of violence shown during prime time.// To begin with, the editorial observes a correlation between violence on television and violent teenage crime, then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the editorial fails to rule out other possible explanations for the rise in violent crime among teenagers. For example, since the 1950s it is entirely possible that Alta has seen a large growth in its population, or a deterioration of its juvenile justice system or economy. Any of these factors, or other social, political or economic factors, might lead to an increase in violent crime among teenagers. Without ruling out all other such factors it is unfair to conclude that television programs are responsible for this increase. 9 //During her three years in office, Governor Riedeburg has shown herself to be a worthy leader. Since she took office, crime has decreased, the number of jobs created per year has doubled, and the number of people choosing to live in our state has increased. These trends are likely to continue if she is reelected. In addition, Ms. Riedeburg has promised to take steps to keep big panies here, thereby providing jobs for any new residents. Anyone who looks at Ms. Riedeburg39。s author might be assigning a false cause to these statewide trends. The author provides no evidence that Riedeburg39。s population is the result of sociological trends that have nothing to do with Riedeburg39。s climate. Moreover, the argument assumes that an increase in population is a positive development in the first place。s residents properly view this trend as a negative one. If so, and if Riedeburg39。Eating Iron39。s issue of Eating for Health reported that a recent study found a correlation between high levels of iron in the diet and an increased risk of heart disease. Further, it is well established that there is a link between large amounts of red meat in the diet and heart disease, and red meat is high in iron. On the basis of the study and the wellestablished link between red meat and heart disease, we can conclude that the correlation between high iron levels and heart disease, then, is most probably a function of the correlation between red meat and heart disease. The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a national newspaper. Even assuming that the study is statistically reliable, a direct correlation between a highiron diet and heart disease does not necessarily prove that the former causes the latter. While a high correlation is strong evidence of a causal relationship, in itself it is not sufficient. The author must also account for all other possible factors leading to heart disease, such as geic propensity, amount of exercise, and so forth. Lacking evidence that the heartdisease sufferers whom the study observed were similar in all such resp