【正文】 at killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so decimated Memphis, Tennessee. The city lost its charter. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的練習(xí)方法 ?把非簡(jiǎn)單句拆分為若干個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 ?以 關(guān)聯(lián)元素 為拆分點(diǎn) ?標(biāo)記各個(gè)分句的類型 ?參考各種 從句形式 ?對(duì)所有簡(jiǎn)單句進(jìn)行成分劃分和分析，并明確成分之間的關(guān)系 ?注意句子的 謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 ?寫出各分句及整句的中文意思 邏輯關(guān)系 ?邏輯關(guān)系真的那么難判斷么？ ?需要搞清楚三個(gè)問題 ?邏輯關(guān)系的識(shí)別和層次 ?廣義的同義 /反義關(guān)系 ?收斂邏輯推斷 邏輯關(guān)系的識(shí)別和層次 ?表示邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)志 ?連詞、關(guān)系代詞、動(dòng)詞、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、副詞、固定搭配 邏輯關(guān)系的識(shí)別和層次 ?三個(gè)層次的邏輯關(guān)系 ?句子與句子的邏輯關(guān)系 ?關(guān)聯(lián)元素：只需要判斷同義或者反義即可 ?原則： 有反義邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)元素的就是反義，其余的就是同義。 ?否定詞 改變?cè)~匯之間的方向邏輯。 ?舉例： apple/fruit。對(duì)嗎？ ? GRE填空的句子是一個(gè) 有限定范圍的 語(yǔ)境，所以 上 /下義詞等價(jià) 。 ?十五歲的小張 ____________。 despite its intriguing title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of______. 邏輯分析實(shí)例 ?Because no prehensive ______ exist regarding personal reading practices, we do not know, for example, the greatest number of books read in an individual lifetime. 邏輯分析實(shí)例 ?A good doctor knows that knowledge about medicine will continue to ______ and that, therefore, formal professional training can never be an ______ guide to good practice. 語(yǔ)義認(rèn)知 ?語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的表現(xiàn)形式 ?重復(fù) ? 原詞重復(fù) ? 同義重復(fù) ? 上下義詞重復(fù) ? 衍生詞重復(fù) ? 相關(guān)概念重復(fù) ?指代 ? 代詞指代：代詞和被指代對(duì)象的數(shù)、性、性質(zhì)必須一致。 ?符號(hào)簡(jiǎn)化法 ? 句子偏長(zhǎng)且概念交織較多時(shí)使用 ? 方法：用相同的符號(hào)替換語(yǔ)義等價(jià)的內(nèi)容；不同的內(nèi)容用不同的符號(hào)替換。 only recently have humans developed chemical lightproducing systems whose efficiency ______ the firefly’s system. 語(yǔ)義認(rèn)知 ? Nature’s energy efficiency often ______ human technology: despite the intensity of the light fireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible。 only recently have humans developed B whose efficiency ___ A. 語(yǔ)義認(rèn)知 ? A good doctor knows that knowledge about medicine will continue to ______ and that, therefore, formal professional training can never be an ______ guide to good practice. 語(yǔ)義認(rèn)知 ? A good doctor knows that knowledge about medicine will continue to ______ and that, therefore, formal professional training can never be an ______ guide to good practice. ? A knows that B will continue to ___ and that, therefore, B can never be an ____ guide to A. 詞匯理解 ?常用的查詞詞典 ? Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary (the 11th Edition) ? American Heritage Dictionary ?什么時(shí)候需要查韋氏詞典？ ?參考答案無(wú)法理解時(shí) ?句子含義無(wú)法理解時(shí) ?查完字典以后用新的解釋覆蓋舊的記憶 詞匯理解 ?重點(diǎn)掌握的詞匯 ?四級(jí)詞匯（語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)） ?動(dòng)詞 ?形容詞（尤其是修飾抽象名詞的） ?抽象名詞 ?表示邏輯關(guān)系的副詞 ?不重要的詞匯 ?程度副詞 ?實(shí)體名詞 相關(guān)背景知識(shí) ?填空題目的解答和背景知識(shí)是無(wú)關(guān)的 ? Hydrogen is the ______ elements of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. ? (A) steadiest ? (B) expendable ? (C) lightest ? (D) final ? (E) fundamental 相關(guān)背景知識(shí) ?背景知識(shí)對(duì)于理解句意有幫助 ?填空涉及自然科學(xué)、人文科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)的很多知識(shí) ?填空題目的設(shè)計(jì)有一定背景基礎(chǔ) ?理解句意的好處 ? 更好地理解填空的設(shè)計(jì)思想和解題原則 ? 有助于提高句子理解能力 ? 有助于拓展知識(shí)面 相關(guān)背景知識(shí) ? The First World War began in a context of jargon and verbal delicacy and continued in a cloud of ______ as ______ as language and literature, skillfully used, could make it. （ , ) ? (A) circumlocution…literal ? (B) clich233。 Dialect。 Term ? Enthralling: 令人著迷的，令人銷魂的 ? Charming。 Intriguing。 Riveting ? Alluring。 ?邏輯判斷 ?越直接的邏輯關(guān)系越是正確的邏輯關(guān)系 ? “十五歲的小張今年十五歲” ?語(yǔ)義判斷 ?遇到重復(fù)立刻標(biāo)記 ?遇到代詞立刻明確其指代對(duì)象 題目解答的基本原則 ? The transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era is viewed by most art historians as a ______, because, instead of an increasingly ______ pictorial art, we find degeneration. (, ) ? (A) milestone…debased ? (B) consolidation…diverse ? (C) calamity…aberrant ? (D) regression…sophisticated ? (E) continuation…improved 題目解答的基本原則 ? The transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era is viewed by most art historians as a ______, because, instead of an increasingly ______ pictorial art, we find degeneration. (, ) ? (A) milestone…debased ? (B) consolidation…diverse ? (C) calamity…aberrant ? (D) regression…sophisticated ? (E) continuation…improved 題目解答的基本原則 ? The disjunction between educational objectives that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a _______ that arises from the values on which these objectives are based. (, ) (A) conflict (B) redundancy (C) gain (D) predictability (E) wisdom 題目解答的基本原則 ? The disjunction between educational objectives that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a _______ that arises from the values on which these objectives are based. (, ) (A) conflict (B) redundancy (C) gain (D) predictability (E) wisdom 題目解答的基本原則 ? What is most important to the monkeys in the sanctuary is that they are a group。 this is so because primates are inveterately ______ and build their lives around each other. (, ) ? (A) independent ? (B) stable ? (C) curious ? (D) social ? (E) proprietary Social: Living together in anized groups or similar close aggregates 常規(guī)解題步驟 ?因?yàn)樾⊥跏且粋€(gè)好人，所以人們都認(rèn)為他 _____。 ?“他”對(duì)應(yīng)“小王”；已知部分對(duì)小王的描述是“好人”，與空格構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義對(duì)應(yīng)。 ?空格填入“好”的意思。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析 關(guān)系識(shí)別 amp。查字典 句子分析 amp。它是遺傳的基礎(chǔ) 填空題解答“六步法” ?句子含義 ?盡管科學(xué)家把遺傳密碼中突變（自發(fā)重組）的想法視為是幻覺，但是，生物界就像一個(gè)音樂大師一樣，有的時(shí)候就可能是在搞即興創(chuàng)作，既不能期待，也不能預(yù)測(cè)。 uncertainty ? Exigency: crisis, urgent situation 填空題解答“六步法” ?句子含義 ?盡管時(shí)間、空間和歷史具有一定偶然性，但是，人類社會(huì)依然會(huì)面臨同樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義問題并且能找到明顯類似的解決方案，它們只在一些小細(xì)節(jié)上有區(qū)別。 ?概念： public behavior, diaries, extremely, unmon 填空題解答“六步法” ? Although he was known to be extremely _____ in his public behavior, scholars have discovered that his diaries were written with unmon ______. ? (A) reserved…frankness ? (B) polite…tenderness ? (C) modest…lucidity ? (D) reticent…vagueness ? (E) withdrawn…subtlety ?使用正負(fù)假定法判斷空格關(guān)系 填空題解答“六步法” ?詞匯解釋 ? Frankness: marked by free, forthright, and sincere express