【正文】 1 Analytical Writing Lecture Notes of the GRE General Test (V ) 2 If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. Thomas Edison Part1 Introduction PaperBased General Test Content and Structure The paperbased General Test is posed of Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning and Analytical Writing sections. In addition, one unidentified unscored section may be included, and this section can appear in any position in the test after the Analytical Writing Section. Questions in the unscored section are being tested for possible use in future tests, and answers will not count toward your scores. Total testing time is up to 3 3/4 hours. The directions at the beginning of each section specify the total number of questions in the section and the time allowed for the section. The Analytical Writing section is always first. For the Issue task, two topics will be presented and you will choose one. The Argument task does not present a choice of topics。 instead one topic will be presented. The Verbal and Quantitative sections may appear in any order, including an unidentified Verbal or Quantitative unscored section. Treat each section presented during your test as if it counts. An unidentified unscored section may be included and may appear in any order after the Analytical Writing section. It is not counted as part of your score. Typical PaperBased General Test Section Number of Questions Time Analytical Writing 1 Issue Task* 45 minutes Analytical Writing 1 Argument Task* 30 minutes Verbal (2 sections) 38 per section 30 minutes per section Quantitative (2 sections) 30 per section 30 minutes per section Unscored** Varies 30 minutes 3 Overview of the Analytical Writing Section The analytical writing section is a new section of the GRE General Test introduced beginning in October2020 that tests your critical thinking and analytical writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate and support plex ideas, analyze an argument, and sustain a focused and coherent discussion. It does not assess specific content knowledge. The analytical writing section consists of two separatelytimed analytical writing tasks: ? a 45minute Present Your Perspective on an Issue task ? a 30minute Analyze an Argument task You will be given a choice between two Issue topics. Each states an opinion on an issue of broad interest and asks you to discuss the issue from any perspective(s) you wish, so long as you provide relevant reasons and examples to explain and support your views. You will not have a choice of Argument topics. The Argument task presents a different challenge from that of the Issue task: it requires you to critique a given argument by discussing how well reasoned you find it. You will need to consider the logical soundness of the argument rather than to agree or disagree with the position it presents. The two tasks are plementary in that one requires you to construct your own argument by taking a position and providing evidence supporting your views on the issue, whereas the other requires you to critique someone else39。s argument by assessing its claims and evaluating the evidence it provides. Score Information Standards for Cheat ETS reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker when there is substantial evidence that an essay response includes, but is not limited to, any of the following: ? text that is substantially similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses。 4 ? quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language or ideas that appear in published or unpublished sources。 ? unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without citation of the contribution of others。 ? essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the ideas or words have, in fact, been borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person. Examination windows Issue: Argument: 5 Part2 Analysis of Argument What is Argument? The Analyze an Argument task assesses your ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments and to clearly convey your analysis in writing. The task consists of a brief passage in which the author makes a case for some course of action or interpretation of events by presenting claims backed by reasons and evidence. Your task is to discuss the logical soundness of the author39。s case by critically examining the line of reasoning and the use of evidence. In reading the argument, you should pay special attention to ? ? what is explicitly stated, claimed, or concluded ? what is assumed or supposed, perhaps without justification or proof ? what is not stated, but necessarily follows from what is stated Analyze an Argument is primarily a critical thinking task requiring a written response. Consequently, the analytical skills displayed in your critique carry great weight in determining your score. The people who grade the Analysis of Argument expect the following: ? They want an essay that analyzes the several aspects of the argument with critical insight. ? They want a cogently developed essay that is logical. ? They want a coherent essay with wellchosen transitional devices. ? They also expect an essay that uses varied sentence structure and vocabulary. ? They expect an essay that is free of mechanical errors in spelling Identify proposition and supporting evidence A strong argument attempts to persuade the reader to accept a point of view. As such, it consists of a proposition, a declarative statement which is capable of being argued, and a proof, a reason or ground which is supported by evidence. The evi