【正文】 e 等替代。如： 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? It was my sister whom I met in the street yesterday. ? It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. ? It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small town 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 : It is …….. that + SV / + VO ③ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型通常強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。 需強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，要在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形前面加上助動(dòng)詞 do ， does 或 did ，尤其是在祈使句或肯定句中，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 如 ： ? Do tell me where on earth you are now! ? Boys and girls, let me tell you something that does sound strange. ? To my surprise, he did e here on time last night. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 Ⅱ 形容性從句 ： 定語(yǔ)從句 ? 引導(dǎo)詞 ： ① : that , which , who, whom ② : when, where, whose ?結(jié)構(gòu) ： 第①類引導(dǎo)詞 第②類引導(dǎo)詞 ① + VO = a ② + SVO = a ① + SV = a 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 舉例 ? 第 I類引導(dǎo)詞 ? This is the pig that / which is very fat ? This is the pig that/which I ate ? This is the pig from which I make fun ? This is the pig, which is very fat ? This is the pig, which I ate ? This is the pig, from which I make fun 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?第 II 類 ： whose, when, where + SVO ?The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting. ?This is the place where I grew up. = in which I grew up. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?形容詞性從句的省略 ?① 當(dāng) that/which/whom在定于從句中充當(dāng) 賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以將它們省略： This is the movie I love. ? ② 當(dāng) that/which 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，并且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be動(dòng)詞 時(shí)可將它們 省略 n. that/which + be …… → n, …… The house, which was built in 1919, was destroyed. The house, built in 1919, was destroyed. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?個(gè)別情況下 , which或 as在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，也指代前面 整個(gè)一句 As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which was associated with the spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which resulted in collision, seduction and mountain building 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? (III) 副詞性從句 : 省略 ?引導(dǎo)詞 when, though , while , although， if…… ?結(jié)構(gòu) When + s* + v*+adj/Ving/Ved, S+V+O ?省略條件： ① s* = S ② v* = be ? 則：從句的 主語(yǔ) 和 謂語(yǔ) 一起省略。 ?舉例： When he was young, he was always beaten by his father. When young, he was always beaten by his father 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?測(cè)試 1：寫出省略句 ?If you are in doubt, you could ask at your local library. ?If in doubt, you could ask at your local library ?The room was a little shabby, though it is large. ?The room was a little shabby, though large. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ?測(cè)試 2：找出該句子中的省略 ? Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of parasitic relationship. For example, glycolprotein in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. 精讀 —— 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和解析方法 ? 7 比較結(jié)構(gòu) ： ? 比較的形式要一致 ： The United States is larger than UK/ UK is/ is UK ? 比較的對(duì)象要泛指： Your car is much more expensive than the one I have. ?比較的對(duì)象要一致： The temperature in Alaska is much lower than that of Texas. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 ? 1．快速閱讀方法 (I)句子簡(jiǎn)讀法 : 所有的句子都先讀主干，再看引導(dǎo)句 (1) n + that + V = 定語(yǔ)從句 (2) V. + that = 賓語(yǔ)從句 (3) S+V, …… , O “ …… ” 省略不讀 (4) S, …… , V+O “ …… ” 省略不讀 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (II) n1 , n2 , n3 ……( 名詞并列，則 找一個(gè)自己認(rèn)識(shí)的讀 ) ? . Aggressive behavior is intended to cause injury, pain , suffering , damage or destruction. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (III) n1 of n2 , n1是 中心詞、核心詞 n1 of n2 of n3 , n1是 中心詞、核心詞 ? ． An understanding of the derivation of the word petition supports that ……. ? 翻譯的方式：從 后 向 前 翻譯依次加“的” 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (IV) n1 or n2 , n1 and n2 (n n2認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)就行 ) . Based20 or Vigesimal system are less used. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (V) A such as 或者 such A as B. C. D. 只要認(rèn)識(shí) ? Verbal attacks such as screaming and shouting or belittling and humiliating ments can also be a type of aggression. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (VI) 看到一下詞組，只讀逗號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容 In addition to ……, …… In addition, Rather than …… , While / though / even if / even though……, ….. 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 (VII) more A than B Than以后的內(nèi)容不讀 (VIII) as well as = and → 同 IV 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 ? 2. 閱讀中需要詳略結(jié)合 —— skimming but not skip. I 需要詳細(xì)閱讀的內(nèi)容 ①結(jié)構(gòu)主體 (段落首末句 ) ②非舉例性質(zhì)的概括、描述 ③題目定位返回原文的內(nèi)容 II 可以快速瀏覽的內(nèi)容 ①大量數(shù)據(jù)堆積 ②明顯舉例 ③對(duì)比、類比、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折只讀一半 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 ? 3. 理解單位擴(kuò)大 I 閱讀中的惡習(xí) —— 指讀、聲讀、回讀、視角過(guò)窄、二次閱讀 II 理解單位擴(kuò)大 ?理解單位 —— 變單詞為意群組合進(jìn)行閱讀理解 ?焦點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練法 ： Example 二、泛讀 —— 快速閱讀與有效閱讀 ?可以合并為意群的成分 Adv, 介詞短語(yǔ)， 分詞短語(yǔ)， 非謂語(yǔ)不定式 主謂或謂賓 固定搭配： too…to… , such as … Topic 1 : Geology (地質(zhì)學(xué) ) crust: 地殼 mantle 地幔 core 地核 ?地球構(gòu)造學(xué)說(shuō)： plate tectonics 板塊構(gòu)造學(xué) continental drifts 大陸漂移學(xué) ? 板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式 ： ? converge 會(huì)聚運(yùn)動(dòng) ? split apart / diverge 分開 ? A dive under B A潛入到 B的下方 ? slide pass each other 互相擦肩而過(guò) ? Boundary : 板塊與板塊之間的邊界 subduction zone 潛沒(méi)區(qū) boundary midocean ridge 海底山脊 ?volcano火山 active volcano活火山 extinct volcano死火山 dormant volcano休眠火山 ? volcano 火山 eruption火山噴發(fā) crater 火山口 lava火山巖漿 magma 巖漿 volcanic dust火山塵 volcanic ash火山灰 ?quake / tremor / seism地震 ?seismic地震的 ?seismology地震學(xué) ?seismic wave地震波 ?magnitude震級(jí) ?epicenter震中 ?aftershock余震 ?fault 斷層 ?fault plane 斷層面 ?fault zone 斷層帶 ?glacie