【正文】
環(huán)境。工作設(shè)計(jì)方法的演變、工作設(shè)計(jì)中的人本原則。 P1217 。它強(qiáng)調(diào)系統(tǒng)、管理層次的簡(jiǎn)化、管理幅度的增加與分權(quán)??茖又平M織模式是建立在以專業(yè)分工,經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模的假設(shè)為基礎(chǔ)之上的,各功能部門之間界限分明。而扁平化組織,需要員工打破原有的部門界限,繞過(guò)原來(lái)的中間管理層次,直接面對(duì)顧客和向公司總體目標(biāo)負(fù)責(zé),從而以群體和協(xié)作的優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)地位的組織。公司的結(jié)構(gòu)是圍 繞有明確目標(biāo)的幾項(xiàng) 核心流程 建立起來(lái)的,而不再是圍繞職能部門;職能部門的職責(zé)也隨之逐漸淡化。組織扁平化要求企業(yè)的管理幅度增大,簡(jiǎn)化繁瑣的管理層次,取消一些中層管理者的崗位,使企業(yè)指揮鏈條最短。基層的員工與顧客直接接觸,使他們擁有部分決策權(quán)能夠避免顧客反饋信息向上級(jí)傳達(dá)過(guò)程中的失真與滯后,大大改善服務(wù)質(zhì)量,快速地響應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的變化,真正做到 顧客滿意 。企業(yè)內(nèi)部與企業(yè)之間通過(guò)使用 Email、辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)、管理信息系統(tǒng)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化工具進(jìn)行溝通,大大增加管理幅度與效率。在下放決策權(quán)給員工的同時(shí)實(shí)行目標(biāo)管理,以團(tuán)隊(duì)作為基本的工作單位,員工自主作出自己工作中的決策,并為之負(fù)責(zé);這樣就把每一個(gè)員工都變成了企業(yè)的主人。 答: P106 。 答: P87 五 、案例分析 (共 20 分 ) ? 美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院斯隆管理學(xué)院的彼 得 圣吉教授 P44 2.五項(xiàng)修煉技能,即 P44 (1)系統(tǒng)思考。 (2) 自我 超越 。 (3)改變心智模式。 (4)建立共同愿景。景象和意象. (5)團(tuán)隊(duì)學(xué)習(xí).團(tuán)隊(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是發(fā)展員工與團(tuán)體的合作關(guān)系,使每個(gè)人的力量能通 過(guò)集體得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。用人用其德才,不受名望、年齡、資歷、關(guān)系親疏所干擾。幫助員工找到自己最佳的工作位置。對(duì)委以重任的員工,應(yīng)當(dāng)放手使用,合理授權(quán),使他們能夠?qū)λ袚?dān)的任務(wù)全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Fur ther help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. You are clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click on nearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islandsbase