【正文】 展，而且很難被停止。這篇文章僅提出一些對 鋼筋腐蝕和保護(hù)選擇的初步認(rèn)識，而對混凝土和混凝土修理的抑制混合物腐蝕的影響則進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)討論。隨著盲目的對需要修理的混凝土使用那些適用于新建筑的保護(hù)方法，文章斷定： 修復(fù)混凝土 的生意將會越來越好。 這是一個不幸的事實(shí)。同時，必須承認(rèn)的是 ，很多被修理的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)在幾年后，一修再修。與建筑在修理的幾年之后出現(xiàn)裂縫相比，幾乎沒有問題能加劇公眾與政府之間的沖突，并且導(dǎo)致他們對我們提供的建筑物用途的功能感到不滿意。它是如此重要，對當(dāng)今的混凝土修復(fù)，我們要迫切檢查腐蝕和腐蝕保護(hù)措施的發(fā)行， 且探索在不久的將來它有可能改進(jìn)的地方， 即：如何使現(xiàn)在的修理能耐用到 3 將來。而它不僅應(yīng)用于修復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu)鋼筋銹蝕的過程和混凝土的惡化腐蝕過程， 而且也被應(yīng)用于多種被提議的溶液腐蝕保護(hù)技術(shù)，材料和系統(tǒng)。 在混凝土修復(fù)過程中的鋼筋腐蝕和保護(hù)的范圍內(nèi)，這篇文章提出了一些隨機(jī)想法。為了延長混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的使用壽命 ,文章也敘述了我們能或者不能成功解決這幾個問題的方法。當(dāng)然，在這篇文章里，有一些想法可能會引起其它人同意或者不同意的意見。 在這里提供關(guān)于腐蝕和保護(hù)問題各方面的重要評論是不可能的 .那些問題相對于本篇中的某個的重要討論來說太廣泛，而且各種各樣的結(jié)構(gòu)過于復(fù)雜。 研究已經(jīng)實(shí)質(zhì)上改進(jìn)了我們對水泥材料的認(rèn)識， 碳酸飽和引起腐蝕式的混凝土消耗，氯化物引起腐蝕的理論：硫酸鹽侵蝕，堿類聚合反應(yīng)，嚴(yán)寒等等。它要暴露在外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)部的環(huán)境，并受到環(huán)境間的相互作用。 在復(fù)雜的修理環(huán)境中，鈍化的裝置和鋼鐵的腐蝕不被人了解。 預(yù)埋入水泥中的鋼筋的腐蝕是種極其復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象，這種現(xiàn)象的形成涉及到環(huán)境學(xué)，冶金學(xué)，分界面和連續(xù)統(tǒng)一體等因素。 得到支持的行業(yè)和政府代表展現(xiàn)了對于解決問題的決心。項(xiàng)目的啟動，必須需要科學(xué)的可執(zhí)行計(jì)劃和充足的資金做為基礎(chǔ)。這使得在工地上許多工人忽略了混凝土技術(shù)的基本要素和其他基本水泥材料。 一些在修理領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的研究已經(jīng)涉及到修理材料和他們與現(xiàn)有實(shí)體有關(guān)的空間行為特性的改進(jìn)。 惡化混凝土的去除和它的修理材料的替代品 ，即使與最好的一種一起 替換 ，也可能由于宏單元的形成而加速鋼筋腐蝕。 我們怎樣能期望被修理的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)是耐用的呢？如果測驗(yàn)方法，腐蝕保護(hù)方法的設(shè)計(jì)和說明都不可靠，難道依賴在修理系統(tǒng)里的電化學(xué)類似于那在 新建筑 里發(fā)生的不適當(dāng)?shù)募俣▎?？修理工作和新建筑有著重要的不同，不同因素?jīng)常導(dǎo)致新的修理混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)方面的鋼筋腐蝕。 4 為修理結(jié)構(gòu)中鋼筋的附加保護(hù)，而批評已存在的方法和材料 ，或者徹底討論一個保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)或者過失 不是本論文的意圖 。非常抱歉的是，并不如此。 由于鋼筋鋼過早的腐蝕而產(chǎn)生修理失敗的結(jié)果和可能性，不一定是一種單個的過分簡化的解決辦法，這可能適合于新近建造的結(jié)構(gòu)。把感覺和廢話區(qū)別開。在 這個領(lǐng)域，由于缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃?，目前許多專業(yè)詞語被錯誤定義。 作者意識到當(dāng)一些論點(diǎn)成為爭論的關(guān)鍵時，那些論 點(diǎn)將很難讓人達(dá)成共識?；蛟S，我們將從誤解中來剝離真正的理解。 很多修理失敗可能歸因于缺乏對自然和電化學(xué)活動在修理系統(tǒng)內(nèi)結(jié)果的完整理解。 (2) 在聲稱多種特性的市場上有許多腐蝕保護(hù)處理方法。 適量的研究要求為不同系統(tǒng)的評估作準(zhǔn)備。為了給 技術(shù)人員 建立自信，科學(xué)家應(yīng)該為 預(yù)知措施 和預(yù)測的壽命 提供可信的基點(diǎn) 。如果過去評價(jià)這些保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的測驗(yàn)方法，既不反映出修理結(jié)構(gòu)中腐蝕的機(jī)制，也不刺激在一個真正修理的結(jié)構(gòu)里而導(dǎo)致鋼筋腐蝕的物理化學(xué)效應(yīng)。 (4) 各種不同的保護(hù)方法的調(diào)查員都在說他們方法的效 力總是比在高質(zhì)量混凝土中還好。 保護(hù)措施可以另外采取，但不是做為使用基礎(chǔ)的正確代用品。它的意思是提出的問題不是無法解釋的秘密，只是我們?nèi)匀辉谔剿骼锏囊粋€證明，簡稱研究階段。富蘭克林說過， 做永遠(yuǎn)比說好 ！ 5 Abstract In recent times in many parts of the world, reinforcement corrosion has bee the main factor in early, premature deterioration, and sometimes failure, of concrete structures. One of the major factors contributing to this deterioration process is the environmental and climatic conditions to which a concrete structure is exposed. When the severity of environment is pounded with poor quality concrete and/or defective design and construction practices, the process of deterioration bees interactive, cumulative and very rapid, and a cancerous growth that cannot be easily stopped. The poor durability performance of many concrete structures is causing disruption and expenditure on remedial works which owners and society cannot afford and do not wish to see repeated. A glimpse of reinforcement corrosion and some of the protection options is presented in this paper. The effect of corrosion inhibiting admixtures in concrete and concrete repair is discussed in detail. The plex issue related to the effectiveness of inhibitors in repairs is addressed, based on analysis of the differences between electrochemical activities in new and repaired structures. The paper concludes that as long as one continues to blindly use protection methods applicable for newly constructed structures for concrete repairs, the business of repairing the repairs will be on the rise. A broader understanding of the electrochemical differences between new and repaired concrete is necessary for effective protection of reinforcement in repaired structures. 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Alkalinity。 Durability。 Reinforcement 1. Introduction It is an unfortunate fact that very large amounts of existing concrete structures worldwide are in a state of eterioration/distress. At the same time, it must also be recognized that many repaired concrete structures are severely deteriorated only a few years after being repaired. The performance of repaired concrete structures remains a matter of utmost concern to all those involved with their design, construction, maintenance and use. Few problems aggravate the public and lead to their dissatisfaction with our ability to 6 provide for the structures use than the disruption of its use a few years after repairs. Contrary to the expectations, the problem of corrosion in concrete repairs has bee widespread not only with respect to severe environmental conditions but also with respect to moderate environmental condition. The concrete repair industry is thus facing a major challenge: How to halt the decay of the world’s physical infrastructure. It is therefore important that we critically examine the issue of corrosion and corrosion protection in today’s concrete repair and explore how it can be improved in the near future, .: how to make today’s repairs durable for tomorrow. A basic understanding of the processes leading to premature corrosion in repaired structures still eludes the concrete repair munity. This applies not only to the processes of corrosion of reinforcement in repaired structures and deterioration/ distress of concrete, but also to a variety of the proposed solutions––corrosion protection techniques, materials and systems. They have a highly empirical history of use, and their performance in many cases is questionable. This paper offers some random thoughts in the area of reinforcement corrosion and protection in concrete repair. It enpasses the elucidation of the basic processes of corrosion of steel in repair, electrochemical inpatibility, and how these processes may lead to eventual failure of the posite repair system. The paper is also about how we can, or cannot, successfully address these problems with the aim of prolonging lifetime of existing concrete structures. After all, we must pause periodically from our busy s