土石壩的評(píng)估和修復(fù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯-其他專(zhuān)業(yè)-在線瀏覽
2025-03-24 08:34本頁(yè)面
【正文】 a significant fraction of their operating budgets. Rehabilitation is, therefore, being a major growth industry for the future. In embankment dam engineering, neither the foundation nor the fills are premanufactured to standards or codes, and their performance correspondingly is never 100% predictable. Dam engineering—in particular, that related to earth structures—has evolved on many fronts and continues to do so, particularly in the context of the economical use of resources and the determination of acceptable levels of risk. Because of this, therefore, there remains a wide variety of opinion and practice among engineers working in the field. Many aspects of designing and constructing dams will probably always fall within that group of engineering problems for which there are no universally accepted or uniquely correct procedures. In spite of advances in related technologies, however, it is likely that the building of embankments and therefore their maintenance, monitoring, and assessment will remain an empirical process. It is, therefore, difficult to conceive of a set of rigorous assessment procedures for existing dams, if there are no design codes. Many agencies (the . Army Corps of Engineers, USBR, Tennessee Valley Authority, FERC, etc.) have developed checklists for field inspections, for example, and suggested formats and topics for assessment reporting. However, these cannot be taken as procedures。 (2)stability。 often, a phased approach to the work is necessary, with monitoring and instrumentation evaluated as the work proceeds. In the rehabilitation of dams, the security of the existing dam must be an overriding concern. It is not unmon for the dam to have suffered significant distress—often due to the deficiencies that the rehabilitation measures are to address. The dam may be in poor condition at the outset and may possibly be in a marginally stable condition. Therefore, how the rehabilitation work may change the present conditions, both during construction and in the long term, must be assessed, to ensure that it does not adversely affect the safety of the dam. In the following text, a case study is presented as an introduction to the engineering challenges of embankment rehabilitation, with particular reference to the Croton Dam Project. Case Study The Croton Dam Project is located on the Muskegon River in Michigan. The project is owned and operated by the Consumer Power Company. The project structures include two earth embankments, a gated spillway, and a concrete and masonry powerhouse. The earth embankments of this project were constructed of sand with concrete core walls. The embankments were built using a modified hydraulic fill method. This method consisted of dumping the sand and then sluicing the sand into the desired location. Croton Dam is classified as a ??highhazard‘‘ dam and is in earthquake zone 1. As part of the FERC P
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