【正文】 文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 When you think back to the blackboard from your school days, what color is it? Chances are that it39。s up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wallsized blackboards existed, late 18thcentury students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact, black, and they paved the way for the larger ones.t draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. Problem solved! From there, the idea spread quickly as teachers could finally show a concept to the whole class at one time. By 1815, the massive writing spaces were mon enough to earn their own name: blackboard.t plaining either. After all, the new greenboards made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word chalkboard as a more accurate descriptor, but blackboard still stuck around.（1）What did the late 18thcentury students use in class? A.B.C.D.To make a parison.B.To draw students39。To arouse students39。They39。They39。They39。They39。s the main idea of the text? A.Origin of the blackboard.C.Function of the blackboard.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過描述黑板發(fā)展歷程向讀者介紹了黑板最早的時候確實是黑色的，隨后慢慢發(fā)展變成了綠色。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。故選D。根據(jù)第二段中的“t draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. ”在1800年，一名英格蘭校長James Pillans想讓他的學(xué)生們畫地圖，但是學(xué)生們在他們的迷你板上無法畫出地圖，因此校長讓學(xué)生把他們的迷你板拼湊在一起來制造一個大的板。故選B。根據(jù)第三段中的The new material was lighter and... more likely to survive the Journey.可知A項和B項正確；以及After all, ... made the chalk powder easier to erase.可知C項正確；D項文章未提及。 （4）考查主旨大意。故選C。4．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 When hospital staff are in full scrubs (手術(shù)衣), their faces are almost pletely covered by their caps and face masks, and we can only see their eyes and eyebrows. In order to solve the problem, a doctor in Sydney, Australia, called Rob Hackett launched a campaign named Theatre (手術(shù)室) Cap Challengeencourage hospital staffs to write their39。t take it seriously. However, with time going on, it has been adopted around the world with studies from the US and UK reporting how this simple idea can decrease human errors in healthcare.t know their names. said Rob. As we all know, doctors are a stressful profession. When faced with life and death, they need to save the patient39。 The 39。 is in response to concerns about how easily avoidable mistakes and poor munication are contributing to rising harmful events for our patients. said Rob. We need to develop systems which reduce mistakes and misunderstanding without causing harm. For this to happen, we need to let everyone know we39。 viewpoint, caps with names on them can make patients more unworried. When everyone appears the same, it is extremely difficult to distinguish who is who. Knowing them relaxed.（1）What can we learn from paragraph 1? A.Rob is in favor of writing names and roles on caps.C.Rob39。It can make the caps more fashionable.B.It aims to avoid mistakes and poor munication.D.We39。B.re negative.We39。D.re kind.（4）What39。 attitude towards the campaign? A.DisapprovingC.Uncaring【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在手術(shù)室里，醫(yī)生和護士都戴著手術(shù)帽和口罩，只露出眼睛和眉毛，這讓周圍的人認(rèn)不出他們，導(dǎo)致在交流過程中產(chǎn)生誤會。 （1）考查推理判斷。 names and roles on their caps.”Rob提出在手術(shù)帽上寫上名字和職位，由此可知他是支持這一想法的。 （2）考查推理判斷。Theatre Cap Challenge39。所以這項活動目的是盡量避免錯誤和交流中的誤解。 （3）考查詞義猜測。We need to develop systems which reduce mistakes and misunderstanding without causing harm.”可知,他們想建立一種在不造成傷害的情況下盡可能減少錯誤和誤解的系統(tǒng)，而要達到這個目的，首先要讓每個人知道醫(yī)生是人類，是有人情味的。故選D。全文最后三句是站在患者角度闡述這個活動的意義。故選A。5．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. Flippers are a third of body length。 sawtoothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving Body colour is dark brown to black。 such patterns enable individual recognition 270400 olive baleen platess, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once mon in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males pete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years。 Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 39。 back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.B.The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.D.s description of humpback whales39。They need warmer waters to breed.B.t survive in extreme cold.C.They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.（3）This article is mainly intended toexplain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the worldB.popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protectionD. （1）考查推理判斷 。 often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C。根據(jù)第五個小黑點后面的The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. 座頭鯨這個大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)（西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟、湯加）和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方。 （3）考查主旨大意。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識，并對它們加以保護。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 Environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic.s cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that number is expect