【正文】 xpression.‖ ? ―Algorithms can diminish transportation issues。 they just have to be better than people” In the future, the world may be governed by benevolent AI CONCERNS Theme 3 Humanity and human judgment are lost when data and predictive modeling bee paramount Programming primarily in pursuit of profits and efficiencies is a threat Algorithms manipulate people and outes, and even “read our minds” All of this will lead to a flawed yet inescapable logicdriven society Some fear people could lose sophisticated decisionmaking capabilities and local intelligence As code takes over plex systems, humans are left out of the loop Solutions should include embedding respect for the individual Theme 4 Biases exist in algorithmicallyanized systems Algorithms reflect the biases of programmers and datasets Algorithms depend upon data that is often limited, deficient or incorrect Theme 5 Algorithmic categorizations deepen divides The disadvantaged are likely to be even more so Algorithms create filter bubbles and silos shaped by corporate data collectors. They limit people?s exposure to a wider range of ideas and reliable information and eliminate serendipity Theme 6 Unemployment will rise Smarter, moreefficient algorithms will displace many human work activities Some seek a redefined global economic system to support humanity SOCIETAL CHALLENGES Theme 7 The need grows for algorithmic literacy, transparency and oversight It starts with algorithm literacy – this goes beyond basic digital literacy People call for accountability processes, oversight and transparency Many are pessimistic about the prospects for policy rules and oversight PEW RESEARCH CENTER Analysts like Aneesh Aneesh of Stanford University foresee algorithms taking over public and private activities in a new era of ― algocratic governance‖ that supplants ―bureaucratic hierarchies.‖ Others, like Harvard‘s Shoshana Zuboff, describe the emergence of ― surveillance capitalism‖ that anizes economic behavior in an ―information civilization.‖ To illuminate current attitudes about the potential impacts of algorithms in the next decade, Pew Research Center and Elon University‘s Imagining the Inter Center conducted a largescale canvassing of technology experts, scholars, corporate practitioners and government leaders. Some 1,302 responded to this question about what will happen in the next decade: 5 PEW RESEARCH CENTER g Will the overall effect of algorithms be positive for individuals and society or negative for individuals and society? The nonscientific canvassing found that 38% of these particular respondents predicted that the positive impacts of algorithms will outweigh negatives for individuals and society in general, while 37% said negatives will outweigh positives。s foremost AI researchers. The use of algorithms is spreading as massive amounts of data are being created, captured and analyzed by businesses and governments. Some are calling this the Age of Algorithms and predicting that the future of algorithms is tied to machine learning and deep learning that will get better and better at an everfaster pace. While many of the 20xx . presidential election postmortems noted the revolutionary impact of webbased tools in influencing its oute, XPrize Foundation CEO Peter Diamandis predicted that ―five big tech trends will make this election look tame.‖ He said advances in quantum puting and the rapid evolution of AI and AI agents embedded in systems and devices in the Inter of Things will lead to hyperstalking, influencing and shaping of voters, and hyper personalized ads, and will create new ways to misrepresent reality and perpetuate falsehoods. 4 PEW RESEARCH CENTER g Seven major themes about the algorithm era INEVITABLE ALGORITHMS Theme 1 Algorithms will continue to spread everywhere The benefits will be visible and invisible and can lead to greater human insight into the world The many upsides of algorithms are acpanied by challenges Theme 2 Good things lie ahead Datadriven approaches to problemsolving will expand Code processes will be refined and improved。 and . social and demographic trends. All of the center‘s reports are available at . Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. For this project, Pew Research Center worked with Elon University‘ s Imagining the Inter Center, which helped conceive the research, collect, and analyze the data. 169。 Hispanic trends。 inter, science and technology。 NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FEBRUARY 8, 2017 BY Lee Rainie and Janna Anderson FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES: Lee Rainie, Di rector, Pew Research Inter, Science and Technology Project Janna Anderson, Director, Elon University?s Imagining the Inter Center Dana Page, Senior Communications Manager RECOMMENDED CITATION: Rainie, Lee and Janna Anderson, “CodeDependent: Pros and Cons of the Algorithm Age. Pew Research Center, February 2017. Available at: age 1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER g About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world. It does not take policy positions. The center conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, content analysis and other datadriven social science research. It studies . politics and policy。 journalism and media。 religion and public life。 global attitudes and trends。 Pew Research Center 20xx 2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER g CodeDe