【正文】
ever entertained a thought of promoting any alteration in it but such as the people themselves, in the course of their experience, should see and feel to be necessary or expedient, and by their representatives in Congress and the State legislatures, according to the Constitution itself, adopt and to the bosom of my country after a painful separation from it for ten years, I had the honor to be elected to a station under the new order of things, and I have repeatedly laid myself under the most serious obligations to support the operation of it has equaled the most sanguine expectations of its friends, and from an habitual attention to it, satisfaction in its administration, and delight in its effects upon the peace, order, prosperity, and happiness of the nation I have acquired an habitual attachment to it and veneration for other form of government, indeed, can so well deserve our esteem and love?There may be little solidity in an ancient idea that congregations of men into cities and nations are the most pleasing objects in the sight of superior intelligences, but this is very certain, that to a benevolent human mind there can be no spectacle presented by any nation more pleasing, more noble, majestic, or august, than an assembly like that which has so often been seen in this and the other Chamber of Congress, of a Government in which the Executive authority, as well as that of all the branches of the Legislature, are exercised by citizens selected at regular periods by their neighbors to make and execute laws for the general anything essential, anything more than mere ornament and decoration, be added to this by robes and diamonds? Can authority be more amiable and respectable when it descends from accidents or institutions established in remote antiquity than when it springs fresh from the hearts and judgments of an honest and enlightened people? For it is the people only that are is their power and majesty that is reflected, and only for their good, in every legitimate government, under whatever form it may existence of such a government as ours for any length of time is a full proof of a general dissemination of knowledge and virtue throughout the whole body of the what object or consideration more pleasing than this can be presented to the human mind? If national pride is ever justifiable or excusable it is when it springs, not from power or riches, grandeur or glory, but from conviction of national innocence, information, and the midst of these pleasing ideas we should be unfaithful to ourselves if we should ever lose sight of the danger to our liberties if anything partial or extraneous should infect the purity of our free, fair, virtuous, and independent an election is to be determined by a majority of a single vote, and that can be procured by a party through artifice or corruption, the Government may be the choice of a party for its own ends, not of the nation for the national that solitary suffrage can be obtained by foreign nations by flattery or menaces, by fraud or violence, by terror, intrigue, or venality, the Government may not be the choice of the American people, but of foreign may be foreign nations who govern us, and not we, the people, who govern ourselves。在我面前已經(jīng)有了一位偉大的表率,而當(dāng)初立誓要擁護(hù)美國(guó)憲法的美國(guó)人民,仍然抱有同樣的思想和精神、同樣的信念和榮譽(yù)、同樣的責(zé)任和興趣,因而我毫不懷疑憲法將永葆全部活力,而我則已做好思想準(zhǔn)備,打算毫不猶豫地承擔(dān)至為神圣的義務(wù),竭盡全力擁護(hù)憲法。我認(rèn)為,人們經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期而嚴(yán)肅的思考,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)真理不懈而無(wú)私的追求,并且根據(jù)原則而作出選擇,應(yīng)對(duì)自由的共和政體產(chǎn)生熱愛之情;人民根據(jù)自己的判斷和意愿,按照憲法本身所規(guī)定的方式,可以對(duì)憲法作出變更,但在此之前,應(yīng)對(duì)憲法抱有一種依戀,并自覺自愿地加以堅(jiān)決擁護(hù);應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重各州憲法,對(duì)各州政府也要時(shí)時(shí)予以慎重對(duì)待和小心愛護(hù);聯(lián)邦內(nèi)部各州的權(quán)利、利益、榮譽(yù)和幸福應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫焦裏o(wú)私的待遇,不要因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谖覈?guó)東西南北處于不同的位置,也不要因?yàn)楦髦萑嗣裨跓o(wú)關(guān)宏旨的問(wèn)題上持有不同的政治見解和抱有不同的個(gè)人愛好,而給與偏袒或不同待遇;品德高尚的人士,無(wú)論屬于何黨何派,都應(yīng)當(dāng)受到人們的愛戴;我們要熱愛科學(xué)和文藝,愿意贊助一切合理的努力,以扶持學(xué)校、學(xué)院、大學(xué)、研究院和向各階層人民宣傳知識(shí)、美德和宗教的所有機(jī)構(gòu),這樣做的原因不僅在于,這些機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)不同年齡、不同階層的人們的幸福和所有形式的社團(tuán)的幸福有著良好的影響,而且這是維護(hù)我們憲法的唯一手段,可以使它免受諸如巧舌詭辯、黨派精神、陰謀詭計(jì)、腐敗墮落和外來(lái)影響的時(shí)疫這類天敵的侵害,而這些都是民選政府的災(zāi)星;我們?cè)趦?nèi)政上要熱愛平等的法律,崇尚公正和奉行人道;我們要推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)、商業(yè)和制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,從而滿足人們的生活所需,為人們提供便利,保障我們的國(guó)防;我們要公允而人道地對(duì)待美洲的土著部落,使他們對(duì)我們更為友好,也使我們的公民對(duì)我們更為友好,從而改善他們的處境;我們要堅(jiān)定不移地與世界各國(guó)維持和平和嚴(yán)守信義,對(duì)于歐洲交戰(zhàn)各方,我國(guó)政府向來(lái)奉行中立和不偏不倚的方針,這種方針獲得國(guó)會(huì)兩院的莊嚴(yán)批準(zhǔn),受到各州議會(huì)和輿論的一致?lián)碜o(hù),除非國(guó)會(huì)另作規(guī)定,我們不得加以改變;我有七年時(shí)間主要生活在法國(guó),因而對(duì)法國(guó)人民產(chǎn)生了一種個(gè)人敬意,我衷心希望維持與法國(guó)的友誼,這對(duì)兩國(guó)人民的榮譽(yù)與利益一直有著極大的好處;美國(guó)人民強(qiáng)烈的榮譽(yù)感和誠(chéng)實(shí)正直之心,以及他們有關(guān)自己的權(quán)力和力量的內(nèi)在情感固然應(yīng)當(dāng)加以維護(hù),但同時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)每一正當(dāng)?shù)氖聵I(yè)竭力進(jìn)行認(rèn)真審議,以杜絕各種刻意渲染的抱怨借口;我國(guó)公民在商務(wù)活動(dòng)中不論受到哪一個(gè)國(guó)家的損害,我們應(yīng)首先通過(guò)友好談判尋求補(bǔ)償,只有在談判沒(méi)有效果時(shí),才將情況陳述于立法部門,由它根據(jù)政府和當(dāng)事人的榮譽(yù)與利益要求,決定采取何種新的措施;只要我能做到,我就要下定決心,在任何時(shí)候?qū)θ魏螄?guó)家都力求公允,并且與世界各國(guó)保持和平、友好和仁愛的關(guān)系;應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)美國(guó)人民的榮譽(yù)、精神和力量抱有不可動(dòng)搖的信心,我向來(lái)經(jīng)常把自己的一切都寄托在這上面,而且從未失望;我要對(duì)祖國(guó)崇高命運(yùn)以及我自己對(duì)此應(yīng)盡何種義務(wù)的崇高觀念加以深刻領(lǐng)會(huì),這種領(lǐng)會(huì)乃是以我早年即已銘心鏤骨的關(guān)于人民道德準(zhǔn)則和智性改善的知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的,并且非但不會(huì)因?yàn)殚啔v的豐富和年齡的增長(zhǎng)而黯然失色,反而會(huì)不斷升華;最后,我懷著謙卑而虔誠(chéng)的心情,覺得由必要再補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn),即一個(gè)宣稱信仰上帝并自稱為基督徒的民族,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)宗教懷有一種崇敬的心情,在推薦最佳公職人選時(shí),必須堅(jiān)定不移地適當(dāng)考慮其是否敬重基督教,這種對(duì)宗教的敬意將使我能夠最大限度的滿足諸位的愿望。在下述問(wèn)題上,我也許最好保持沉默,或者說(shuō)話謹(jǐn)慎一些。他的名字仍將時(shí)一道防線,他的長(zhǎng)壽仍將是一座堡壘,可以抗擊一切危害美國(guó)和平的公開或隱蔽的敵人。他贏得了同胞們的感戴,博得了世界各國(guó)的高度贊揚(yáng),而且他的英名將傳之后世而百代流芳!他自愿選擇了退休。八年來(lái),美國(guó)人民在一位公民的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,向各國(guó)的明智仁德之士展示了這一體制,激起他們的贊賞和熱望。因而坦率的人就會(huì)承認(rèn),在這種情況下,選擇勝于命運(yùn)和機(jī)會(huì)的優(yōu)勢(shì),也就無(wú)可夸耀了。如果外國(guó)政府可以通過(guò)諸如奉承或威脅、欺騙或暴力、陰謀或收買、以及恐怖之類的手段,來(lái)獲取這張單獨(dú)的選票,那么所選出的政府就不是美國(guó)人民的選擇,而是其他國(guó)家的選擇。但是,我們自由、公正、誠(chéng)實(shí)和獨(dú)立的選舉的純潔性,一旦為一些片面和無(wú)關(guān)宏旨的事情所玷污,我們的自由就會(huì)陷于危險(xiǎn)之中;如果我們對(duì)此竟視而不見,一味耽溺于這些美妙的想法,那我們就未免淪為自欺欺人。像我們這樣一種政府,不論存在多久,都是知識(shí)和美德在全人類傳播的鮮明標(biāo)志。的確,除此之外,世界上難道還有其他政府形式值得我們?nèi)绱俗鹁春蜔釔蹎??古代有人認(rèn)為,用最超邁的智慧來(lái)看,人類聚居而形成眾多城市和國(guó)家乃是令人至為欣悅的事情,這種觀點(diǎn)或許不甚可靠;但有一點(diǎn)乃是確切無(wú)疑的:對(duì)人類善良寬厚的心靈來(lái)說(shuō),我們國(guó)會(huì)兩院的政府經(jīng)常舉行的集會(huì)所展現(xiàn)的景象,不僅令人至為欣悅,而且顯得十分崇高、莊嚴(yán)和堂皇,這是任何國(guó)家都無(wú)法比擬的,而且在我們的政府中,行政權(quán)力和立法機(jī)關(guān)各部門的權(quán)力一樣,都由經(jīng)過(guò)其同胞定期選舉產(chǎn)生的公民來(lái)行使,他們或制定法律,或執(zhí)行法律,全都是為了人民的普遍利益。我與祖國(guó)在痛苦分離達(dá)十年以后,又重新回來(lái)了它的懷抱,并有幸在一種新氣象中當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng),因而我一直不斷把擁護(hù)憲法作為自己至為莊嚴(yán)的職責(zé),憲法得以很好地實(shí)施,滿足了其擁護(hù)者的樂(lè)觀愿望。我并不認(rèn)為行政部門和參議院的存在不能較為持久。這部憲法就一般原則和大綱而言,與我曾經(jīng)服膺的政體相一致,有一些州,尤其是我出生的州,曾為這種政體的建立作出了貢獻(xiàn),對(duì)于這部憲法,不僅我的同胞們及其子孫必須服從,我和我的后代也必須服從,因而我同樣有權(quán)表示是否接受,在公開或私下各種場(chǎng)合,我都毫不含糊地表示擁護(hù)這部憲法。我滿懷喜悅地讀過(guò)這部憲法,既沒(méi)有被圍繞憲法措辭的爭(zhēng)吵而弄得憤怒難當(dāng),也未為公開辯論而熱血沸騰,更沒(méi)有因?yàn)辄h派仇恨而情緒激昂。人們經(jīng)過(guò)探索、討論和深思熟慮,最終制定了目前這部令人滿意的政府憲章。值此危難之際,美國(guó)人民慣有的良知、鎮(zhèn)定、決斷和正直誠(chéng)實(shí)的品質(zhì)并未消失。有鑒于此,大陸會(huì)議中那些幫助建立聯(lián)邦制的人,當(dāng)時(shí)肯定即已預(yù)見到聯(lián)邦是不能持久的。人民起初感到甚為必要的聯(lián)邦,在籌建時(shí)參照了巴達(dá)維亞和海爾維希邦聯(lián)模式,這是歷史上具體而明確地保存至今的聯(lián)邦制的唯一樣板,也肯定是廣大人民曾經(jīng)加以考慮的唯一例子。然而無(wú)論怎樣,這個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)時(shí)人數(shù)僅為現(xiàn)在一半的代表們,憑藉自己出發(fā)點(diǎn)的純潔和自己事業(yè)的正義,依靠人民的團(tuán)結(jié)和智慧,在從一開始就格外庇佑這個(gè)國(guó)家的上帝的指引之下,不僅砸碎了正在鍛造的鐐銬和向他們舉起的鋼鞭,而且毅然斬?cái)嗔嗽阉麄兟?lián)結(jié)為一體的紐帶,駛?cè)胍黄鸱欢ǖ暮Q蟆5谝黄?797年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)約翰亞當(dāng)斯就職演說(shuō)有識(shí)之士當(dāng)年第一次認(rèn)識(shí)到,美利堅(jiān)在對(duì)某一外國(guó)立法機(jī)關(guān)完全俯首稱臣和徹底獨(dú)立之間,并無(wú)任何中間道