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工程項(xiàng)目管理講座-展示頁(yè)

2025-01-20 00:45本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 ?工程項(xiàng)目; 一個(gè)力度不凡的能源結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整已拉開序幕 ?氣田的勘探和開發(fā):準(zhǔn)葛爾盆地、塔里木盆地、四川盆地 ?輸氣管道建設(shè):塔里木輪南至上海 4167公里的西氣東輸工程,投資規(guī)模約 1400億, 2023年全貫通; ?青海柴達(dá)木盆地至蘭州管道; ?重慶忠縣直武漢輸氣管道; ?陜西長(zhǎng)慶至內(nèi)蒙呼和浩特輸氣管道; ?蘭州至成都輸油管道; ?深圳進(jìn)口 LNG接收站及至佛山輸氣管道; ?長(zhǎng)江三角洲與長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)進(jìn)口原油接卸站及管道輸送工程 ?海氣登陸工程; ?俄羅斯天然氣進(jìn)口管道建設(shè)等; 至 2023年輸油(氣)管道工程達(dá)到 4萬(wàn)公里 一個(gè)世界頂級(jí)規(guī)模的通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)正如火如荼地進(jìn)行 ?固定電話用戶 ,居世界第二位,每年新增幾乎等于一個(gè)英國(guó)的固定電話網(wǎng); ?移動(dòng)電話 ,每年新增 40005000戶,已居世界第一; ?一個(gè)雄心勃勃的交通運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)正在鋪開; ?一個(gè)大規(guī)模的住宅建設(shè)正加速推進(jìn)中國(guó)的城市化進(jìn)程; ?中國(guó)工業(yè)正經(jīng)歷著一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)略性的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整; ?一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的環(huán)保設(shè)施建設(shè)已開始; ?工程項(xiàng)目的生命周期; ?成功的項(xiàng)目; 按時(shí)、按預(yù)算進(jìn)行、高質(zhì)量; 以及成本 —進(jìn) 度 —質(zhì)量的均衡 管理期望:客戶和管理層才是項(xiàng)目成功與否的最終評(píng)判人。 第一步是對(duì)企業(yè)以往和當(dāng)前地位的現(xiàn)實(shí)評(píng)價(jià)。 ?激勵(lì)項(xiàng)目貢獻(xiàn)者會(huì)是達(dá)成項(xiàng)目成功的主要因素。 ?戰(zhàn)略管理的組成成分彼此是緊密關(guān)聯(lián)的,均指向組織的未來(lái)成功。 ( 2)對(duì)新行動(dòng)計(jì)劃的內(nèi)部反應(yīng),意圖增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位,反映的性質(zhì)取決于業(yè)務(wù)類型、環(huán)境變動(dòng)性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和組織文化。戰(zhàn)略描述了組織計(jì)劃如何利用現(xiàn)在與所設(shè)想未來(lái)的環(huán)境中可供使用的資源來(lái)參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。高層經(jīng)理現(xiàn)在在制定戰(zhàn)略、建立平衡的項(xiàng)目組合和確定項(xiàng)目?jī)?yōu)先級(jí)上扮演重要角色。在階段 2中,多種需求和資源不足被認(rèn)識(shí)到是項(xiàng)目成功的障礙。 項(xiàng)目管理系統(tǒng)的演化 ? 階段 1:特別應(yīng)用 這一階段開始于在某個(gè)項(xiàng)目中有人提議采用一個(gè)或多個(gè)基本的項(xiàng)目管理工具。 ? 在交付階段:客戶培訓(xùn)、轉(zhuǎn)交文件、分配資源、從新安排人員、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。 ? 軟件開發(fā)項(xiàng)目:定義、設(shè)計(jì)、編寫代碼、集成 /檢驗(yàn)和維護(hù)。 ? 項(xiàng)目的執(zhí)行要通過(guò)完成一系列相互關(guān)聯(lián)的任務(wù),也就是許多不重復(fù)的任務(wù)以一定的順序完成,以便達(dá)到項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)。 ? 項(xiàng)目有一個(gè)明確界定的目標(biāo)。 ? 4 項(xiàng)目組織是臨時(shí)性組織 , 在項(xiàng)目壽命周期中存在 。 ? 2 在一些項(xiàng)目中 , 隨著項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)展 , 其目標(biāo)需修訂或重新界定 , 產(chǎn)品特性需逐步確定 。 the project manager is responsible for integrating and overseeing the start and pletion of activities. ? The project focuses on delivering a particular product or service at a certain time and cost and to the satisfaction of technical requirements. In contrast, functional units must maintain an ongoing pool of resources to support anization goals. As a result, conflict may exist between the project and functional managers over the time and talent to be allotted to a project. Characteristics of Projects Management ?A project might have two chainsofmand—one vertical and functional, one horizontal and project —and people might report to both the project manager and a functional manager. ?Decision making, accountability, outes, and rewards are shared among members of the project team and supporting functional units. Characteristics of Projects Management Characteristics of Projects Management ? Though the project anization is temporary , the functional or subcontracting units from which it is formed are permanent. When a project ends, the project anization is disbanded and people return to their functional or subcontracting units, or are reassigned to new projects. ? Project can originate at different places inside or outside the anization. Product development and related projects tend to emerge from marketing, whereas technological applications originate from RD, and so on. Characteristics of Projects Management ?Project management sets into motion numerous other support functions such as personnel evaluation, accounting, procurement, and information systems. Evolution of Project Management ?History ?Types of Project Management (1) Project expeditors. (2) Project expeditors. (3) Project expeditors. (4) Project expeditors. 第一章 工程項(xiàng)目和項(xiàng)目管理 ?項(xiàng)目的定義 項(xiàng)目是指在總體上符合下列條件的唯一性的任務(wù)(計(jì)劃) 具有預(yù)定的目標(biāo); 具有時(shí)間、財(cái)務(wù)、人力和其他限制條件; 具有專門的組織; ? 項(xiàng)目 project ? 由一組有啟止時(shí)間的 、 相互協(xié)調(diào)的受控活動(dòng)所組成的特定過(guò)程 , 該過(guò)程要達(dá)到符合規(guī)定要求的目標(biāo) , 包括時(shí)間 、 成本和資源的約束條件 。 once the goal is achieved, the project ceases to exist. Characteristics of Projects ? Utilizing skills and talents from multiple professions and anizations. A project often requires multiple skills that rely on task interdependencies which may introduce new and unique problems. Tasks and skill requirements change from project to project. ? Possibly unfamiliar. It may enpass new ideas, approaches, or technology and possess elements of significant uncertainty and risk. ? There is something at stake. Failure of the project might jeopardize the anization or its goals. Characteristics of Projects ?The process of working to achieve a goal. A project passes through several distinct phase。 項(xiàng)目的主要特征 ?明確的目標(biāo) ?定義好的生命周期 ?通常涉及代多個(gè)部門和專業(yè) ?一般情況下要做以往從未做過(guò)的事 ?特別的時(shí)間、成本和性能要求?,F(xiàn)在建筑業(yè)僅占成員的1/3,發(fā)展最迅速的領(lǐng)域時(shí)通信、軟件工程和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)。 ?PMI 的目標(biāo)是 2023年達(dá)到 10萬(wàn)會(huì)員?,F(xiàn)在項(xiàng)目管理正擴(kuò)散到所有工作領(lǐng)域。特納預(yù)言: ―進(jìn)入 21世紀(jì),基于項(xiàng)目的管理將掃蕩傳統(tǒng)的職能式管理。” ? 《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)告說(shuō),在美國(guó)越來(lái)越多的工作時(shí)項(xiàng)目導(dǎo)向的,具有一個(gè)開端、一個(gè)中期和一個(gè)結(jié)局。莫里斯《項(xiàng)目管理》 ? 斯圖爾特在《財(cái)富》雜志上斷言, 公司叢林中有了一個(gè)新種族: 項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理, 他們將填補(bǔ)由于中層管理人員的滅絕而在造成的空白: “如果說(shuō)所老的中層管理人員是恐龍,那么一類新的管理層哺乳動(dòng)物正在進(jìn)化,從而填補(bǔ)他們一度統(tǒng)治的空間:那就是項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理。我們敬畏地面對(duì)著古老奇跡創(chuàng)造者的偉大成就,他們是金字塔的創(chuàng)造者,古老城市的建筑師,大教堂和清真寺的泥瓦匠與工匠;還有中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城和世界其他奇跡背后的權(quán)利和勞動(dòng)。 projected a positive corporate image. ?To form a plan or an intention for: project a new business enterprise. ?To calculate, estimate, or predict (something in the future), based on present data or trends: projecting next year39。 cast: project a light beam. ? To cause (an image) to appear on a surface: projected the slide onto a screen. ? Mathematics ? To produce (a projection). ? To direct (one39。s jaw in defiance. ? To throw forward。 a scheme. (2)An undertaking requiring concerted effort: ? a munity cleanup project。 scheme ?2. An anized undertaking 。?Project(praj’ekt,jkt) n. a proposal of something to be done。 plan。 specif.,a)a special unit of work,research,etc., as in school, a laboratory, etc., b)an extensive public undertaking ,as in conservation, construction, etc. ——Webster’s New World Dictionary project (1)A plan or proposal。 a governmentfunded irrigation project. (3)An extensive task undertaken by a student or group of students to apply, illustrate, or supplement classroom lessons. (4)A housing project. ? To thrust outward or f
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