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in older patients with peripheral arterial disease at six months and at one year after treatment[j].am j cardiol,2003,92(6):711—712.[28] acc/aha 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the american association for vascular surgery/society for vascular surgery, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society for vascular medicine and biology, society of interventional radiology, and the acc/aha task force on practice guidelines (writing mittee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease): endorsed by the american association of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation; national heart, lung, and blood institute; society for vascular nursing; transatlantic inter—society consensus; and vascular disease foundation[j]. circulation,2006,113(11):463—654.[29] the lipid study prevention of cardiovascular events with long—term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: results from the lipid trial[j].diabetes care,2003,26(10):2713—2721.[30] the cards prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the collaborative atorvastatin diabetes study (cards):multicentre randomised placebo—controlled trial[j].lancet,2004,364(9435):685—696.[31] cholesterol and recurrent events (care) trial investigators. pravastatin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in persons with mild chronic renal insufficiency[j].ann intern med,2003,138(2):98—104.[32] navaneethan s d,pansini f, perkovic v,et coa reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis[j].cochrane database syst rev,2009,15(2):7784.[33] aurora study and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis[j].n engl j med,2009,360(14):1395—1407.[34] national kidney [j].am j kidney dis,2003,41(3):1—91.(收稿日期:2012—06—26) (編輯:王春蕓)。然而,總體而言,他汀類藥物治療的依從性仍然不理想,這與患者、醫(yī)師和經(jīng)濟因素都有關(guān)系。大量的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)證實他汀類藥物無論是一級預防還是二級預防都可以降低心血管疾病高?;颊叩陌l(fā)病率和死亡率。指南認為ckd的任何階段均為冠心病等危癥,并建議ckd患者ldl100 mg/dl。aurora試驗的研究結(jié)果顯示瑞舒伐他汀盡管使ldl降低達43%,但對冠心病,卒中及死亡率沒有明顯的影響[33]。最近一項涉及26個試驗,超過25 000例不需透析的ckd患者的薈萃研究顯示他汀治療可以明顯降低死亡率,而沒有增加不良事件的發(fā)生[32]。但是,特別要提及他汀類藥物并未能降低輕度慢性腎病患者中風的發(fā)病率。對于已患有cvd的患者,不管血脂的基線水平如何,ldl應低于70 mg/dl。試驗結(jié)果顯示阿托伐他汀可以使chd事件降低36%,腦卒中減少48%,死亡率降低27%。cards試驗[30]也證實了他汀類藥物對于糖尿病患者進行cvd一級預防的有效性。hps研究直接證實了他汀類藥物可以降低糖尿病患者cvd事件的發(fā)生率。通過對lipid、care和4s試驗的薈萃分析發(fā)現(xiàn),他汀類藥物可以使糖尿病患者冠脈事件減少28%,腦卒中減少32%,而且與膽固醇的基線水平無關(guān)。由于pvd是