工程造價(jià)畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)-展示頁(yè)
2025-06-28 15:38本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ilding systems ponent classes. Each section discusses key costdrivers, costcontrol strategies, and important cost tradeoffs. Design practices cited are consistently applied (although some fall short of hard and fast “rules”).Building Organization and MassingConstruction cost management starts with the fundamentals of building organization and massing. UC Irvine’s new structures’ floor plates tend to have lengthtowidth ratios, to avoid triggering disproportionate costs of external cladding, circulation, and horizontal mechanical distribution. Our new buildings tend to be at least three floorshigh taller if floor plate areas do not dip below a costeffective threshold, and generally taller in the case of nonlaboratory buildings (but not so tall that a highrise cost penalty is incurred). Other design ratios are observed, such as exterior cladding area/floor area , and roof+foundation area/floor area .Architectural articulation is generally achieved through textured or enriched materials,integral material detailing (such as concrete reveal patterning), and applied detailing (.,2window frames and sills), particularly at the building base. Largescale articulation is concentrated at the roofline (., shaped roof forms) and at the pedestrian level (.,arcades), where it will “create the biggest bang for the buck,” rather than through modulating the building form, itself. This is more than a subtle design philosophy, as the cost impact is substantial.Lab buildings pleted in the past decade separate laboratory and nonlaboratory functions into distinct, adjoined structures (although such a building may look like one structure). Consolidated nonlaboratory functions include faculty, departmental, staff,postdoc, and graduate student offices。 the robustness and lifecycle performance of building systems。山東建筑大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文外文文獻(xiàn)：Construction Standards and Costs UC Irvine new construction pursues performance goals and applies quality standards that affect the costs of capital projects. Periodic reexamination of these goals and standards is warranted.Construction costs are not “high” or “l(fā)ow” in the abstract, but rather in relation to specific quality standards and the design solutions, means, and methods used to attain these standards. Thus, evaluating whether construction costs are appropriate involves:? first, determining whether quality standards are excessive, insufficient, orappropriate。? second, determining whether resultant project costs are reasonable pared to projects with essentially the same quality parameters.“Quality” enpasses the durability of building systems and finishes。 the aesthetics of materials, their position, and their detailing。 restrooms。 classrooms, seminar rooms, conference rooms, and social areas designed tofoster interaction and to provide a safe area for eating and drinking。 and general administrative support.Consolidating these functions into a separate structure provides considerable cost savings: lowercost HVAC (heating/ventilation/airconditioning) system
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