【正文】
型不是總是wordy,there be強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“這里存在XXXX”在主謂一致問(wèn)題中,如果不確定的話(huà),就把賭注壓在單數(shù)上吧,概率高?。。。。?平行平行!首先要邏輯平行!而這邏輯的平行主要體現(xiàn)平行的人或事物的性質(zhì)相同或相似;主謂賓要make sense together。Right: Every dog HAS paws.Right: Every dog and cat HAS paws.Right: Each of these shirts IS pretty.但each和every放在主語(yǔ)名詞后面的話(huà),對(duì)主謂一致沒(méi)有任何影響,按常規(guī)方法判斷:They each ARE great tennis players.關(guān)于表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)的主謂一致表示百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的數(shù)量短語(yǔ)如 half of,quarter of,都和前面提到的SANAM代詞一樣,動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由of后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定,因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是of后的名詞。詳見(jiàn)上文“如何找到主語(yǔ)”)Some, Any, None, All, More/MostExample:Some of the money WAS stolen from my wallet. (money is singular)Some of the documents WERE stolen from the bank. (documents is plural)但none of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù),但 no one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是單數(shù)。News本身也是不可數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)。集體名詞有:關(guān)于人的: agency, army, audience, class, mittee, crowd, orchestra, team關(guān)于物的: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniturePS: 在gmat中,只要是在原有名詞加了s的,我們都當(dāng)它是可數(shù)來(lái)對(duì)待,謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)。關(guān)于集體名詞的主謂一致集體名詞在GMAT中幾乎全部認(rèn)為是單數(shù)。Neither…nor…的主謂一致規(guī)律也一樣。關(guān)于either…or…和neither…nor…的主謂一致Either A or B中,A和B中有一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),那動(dòng)詞要求與離它最近的一個(gè)主謂一致。記?。河星覂H有兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞才是復(fù)數(shù),要么是單數(shù)。前面的第8點(diǎn)講了如何找主語(yǔ),但當(dāng)兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)被“and”連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)了。不過(guò)the number of pictures里,the number是主語(yǔ)。 怎么找到句子的主語(yǔ)方法:把句子中修飾的成分都去掉,只剩主謂賓!哪些是修飾成分: 介詞短語(yǔ)()如:a cat of the girl 中,cat是主語(yǔ),of the girl 是介詞短語(yǔ)。應(yīng)該是車(chē)能跑幾百公里。s intent when you make your choice!特別注意助動(dòng)詞?。?!助動(dòng)詞的小小變化會(huì)使得句子意思大不相同! Meaning的三個(gè)常見(jiàn)考法:A. 小詞位置的變換:If a word changes its position in the answer choices, you must consider whether the change has an impact on the meaning of the sentence. Look out especially for short words (such as only and all) that quantify nouns or otherwise restrict meaning.B. 詞的選擇例如助動(dòng)詞的選擇,相近意思的詞的選擇,同根詞的選擇等等。5) 把這僅有的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)再帶回原句double check一下。3) 在23 split中選出正確的一派,排除不正確的選項(xiàng)。但在考試的過(guò)程中,每道SC題都要求平均在1分半中完成,理想的情況是盡量在一分鐘左右完成。曼哈頓重點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)總結(jié) Best Does Not Mean IdealIt is very important to recognize that Sentence Correction questions ask for the best optionof those given, not the best option in the universe. Indeed, often you will feelandrighdysothat all the answers, including the correct one, sound bad. Correct GMAT SentenceCorrection answers can sound very formal or awkward, so it is important to keep in mindthat your task is to evaluate the given answer choices, not to create the ideal sentence.The ideal sentence often is not an option, and the right answer may sound rather wrong. Toplicate matters, incorrect answer choices often sound right, Indeed, the GMAT exploitsthe fact that the English we hear is monly riddled with grammatical mistakes. GMAT SC??贾R(shí)點(diǎn):(1) SubjectVerb Agreement 主謂一致(2) Parallelism 平行(3) Pronouns 代詞(4) Modifiers 修飾語(yǔ)(5) Verb Tense, Mood, amp。 Voice 時(shí)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣和主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(6) Comparisons 比較(7) Idioms. 習(xí)語(yǔ)/固定搭配 對(duì)于SC的一個(gè)基本原則和態(tài)度:GMAT的SC部分的題,往往一道題涵蓋多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),當(dāng)在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候,要充分利用每一道題把所有提及到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)都盡量掌握。這樣的時(shí)間要求,使得我們?cè)诳荚嚨臅r(shí)候要善用考試技巧和策略:1) 讀完題,畫(huà)出句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(以及很明顯的錯(cuò)誤);2) 縱向比較各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的不同之處,選出一個(gè)自己有把握的考點(diǎn)(即不同點(diǎn))將選項(xiàng)分成兩派,盡量分成23split的形式(即2個(gè)一派,3個(gè)一派)。4) 再將剩下的選項(xiàng)再縱向比較,根據(jù)另一個(gè)有把握的考點(diǎn)分類(lèi),再繼續(xù)排除,以此類(lèi)推直到選剩1個(gè)選項(xiàng)。PS:即做題時(shí)使用考試策略,看解釋分析答案時(shí)要有每一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)都不放過(guò)的精神和態(tài)度!PS的PS:讀題一定不能貪快,心急,一定到讀完全句,對(duì)沒(méi)劃線(xiàn)部分的句子也絕對(duì)不可以掉以輕心?。。。。?! GMAT中SC最佳答案要符合以下三個(gè)要點(diǎn): 語(yǔ)法正確(Grammar) 句子意思清楚明確(Meaning) 簡(jiǎn)潔有效(Concision)做題思考過(guò)程: begin by looking for errors in grammar After you have found grammar errors, look for meaning issues. Finally, if you have still not singled out an answer, choose the remaining choice that is most concise.Do not alter the author39。C. Connected words 要 make sense together! 主謂不可缺失一般的,對(duì)于這個(gè)考點(diǎn),GMAC往往設(shè)置以下兩種traps:1) 缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞有,但變體為Ved或Ving成了定語(yǔ).Wrong: The electron named in 1894.Right: The electron WAS NAMED in 1894.2) 由which, that, when, who等引導(dǎo)詞開(kāi)頭的句子:因?yàn)橛蛇@些詞開(kāi)頭的句子都是從句,是不能單獨(dú)成句的,缺少主句(main clause)Wrong: BECAUSEthe dog was never mine.Wrong: WHICH will be approved tomorrow. 主謂要make sense together!Example:Wrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.這句話(huà)初看覺(jué)得OK,但仔細(xì)分析主謂,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)the development will be able to travel hundreds of miles, 發(fā)展怎么能跑幾百公里呢?!這就是主謂沒(méi)有一起make sense,犯了邏輯錯(cuò)誤。 Right: Once developed, a hydrogen CAR based on expected performance parameters Will BE able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.總結(jié):要發(fā)現(xiàn)這種錯(cuò)誤,就需要認(rèn)清句子結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)候往往句子很長(zhǎng),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)離得遠(yuǎn)就容易讓人忘記,所以在讀題的時(shí)候,就要一邊把句子的基本的主謂賓劃出來(lái),這樣這種錯(cuò)誤就會(huì)比較容易發(fā)現(xiàn)。PS:介詞短語(yǔ)都是介詞開(kāi)頭的噢,所以不要誤以為 a car of是介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞是絕對(duì)不能當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的,所以介詞短語(yǔ)都是修飾成分,不過(guò)有一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的例外,如由some, none, many, much, all這類(lèi)詞修飾時(shí),of后面的才是主語(yǔ),如 some of the students里,students才是主語(yǔ);再如a number of pictures也是,pictures才是主語(yǔ)。還有所有表示百分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)的數(shù)量短語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)都是of后面的名詞,因此,和SANAM一樣,它們的主謂一致由of后的名詞決定! 從句(狀語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)big adv. 定語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)big adj. 主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)big noun)所有從句都不可以單獨(dú)成句的,是依附于主句的,其中除了主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句,其他從句都是起修飾補(bǔ)充作用的,可以去掉如: auditors left, the executive who had been interviewed was/were glad. 過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞(在句中起到修飾其他成分的作用,做定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí))如:Limping, the horse once considered one of the favorites was/were taken away.PS: 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù) 形容詞、副詞,這個(gè)不用說(shuō)啦!O(∩_∩)O注意逗號(hào)!Commas are another helpful sign to identify modifiers, since mas sometimes separate modifiers from the rest of the sentence. 主謂一致(GMAC出題的方法往往是把主語(yǔ)藏起來(lái))找到了主語(yǔ),就很好判斷主謂一致了。但當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)是由additive phrases 連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然是單數(shù)。Additive phrase:即意思相當(dāng)于“and”的短語(yǔ),如:along with Polly in addition to surgery acpanied bv me together with a tie as well as the mayor including salt and pepper注意:Mathematics,aerobics 和 diabetes都是單數(shù),雖然他們都以S結(jié)尾。例如:A是單數(shù),B是復(fù)數(shù),那B離動(dòng)詞更近,所以動(dòng)詞要是復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外,如果either 或 neither單獨(dú)修飾句中成分,即沒(méi)有or或nor,則認(rèn)為其修飾的名詞是單數(shù),動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是單數(shù)形式。只有個(gè)別強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個(gè)體時(shí),才用復(fù)數(shù)(這里就要靠邏輯去判斷?。?,但這種情況在GMAT中極少出現(xiàn)。但是citrus是個(gè)例外,它不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,而是這個(gè)詞本身就是以s結(jié)尾的集體名詞。關(guān)于anyone,someone,everybody,some等這一類(lèi)表示非特質(zhì)的代詞的主謂一致以下這些詞都用單數(shù):Anyone, anybody, anything No one, nobody, nothingEach, every (as pronouns) Someone, somebody, somethingEveryone, everybody, everything Whatever, whoeverEither, neither (may require a plural verb ifpaired with or/nor)PS:所有以one,body,thing結(jié)尾的,都用單數(shù)以下5個(gè)詞可以作單數(shù)也可以作復(fù)數(shù),由of后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定:(PS:這5個(gè)代詞是特殊的,需要考慮到of介詞短語(yǔ),這是因?yàn)檎嬲闹髡Z(yǔ)是of后的名詞,主謂一致自然由真正的主語(yǔ)決定。