【正文】 分詞：　　　　現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。　　　　Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？　　　　（5）作同位語(yǔ)：　　　　The cave, his hidingplace is secret. 那個(gè)山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。t help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like　　　?。?）作定語(yǔ)：　　　　He can39?！　　　∫涀∪缦聞?dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：　　　　enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can39?！　　　∽⒁鈩?dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)也可作介詞賓語(yǔ)，如上面兩個(gè)例句。t finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。s job is laying eggs.　　　　在螞蟻王國(guó)，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。s no use ?！　　　‘?dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)?！　　　?．動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：　　　?。?）作主語(yǔ)：　　　　Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的?！　　　。?）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動(dòng)名詞　　　　He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮??！　　　。?）完成被動(dòng)式：　　　　He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.　　　　他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過?！　　　。?）被動(dòng)式：　　　　He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)?！　　　e wished to study medicine and bee a doctor.　　　?。ǘ﹦?dòng)名詞：　　　　動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。t want to do it, you don39。t like the way he talked.　　　?。?）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動(dòng)詞。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：　　　?、賱?dòng)賓關(guān)系：　　　　I have a meeting to attend.　　　　注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如：　　　　He found a good house to live in.　　　　The child has nothing to worry about.　　　　What did you open it with?　　　　如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞：　　　　He has no place to live.　　　　This is the best way to work out this problem.　　　　如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者，不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式：　　　　Have you got anything to send?　　　　Have you got anything to be sent?　　　?、谡f明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：　　　　We have made a plan to finish the work.　　　?、郾恍揎椕~是不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)：　　　　He is the first to get here.　　　?。?）作狀語(yǔ)：　　　　①表目的：　　　　He worked day and night to get the money.　　　　She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.　　　　注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致：　　　　wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.　　　　right：To save money, he has tried every means.　　　　wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.　　　　right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.　　　?、诒斫Y(jié)果：　　　　He arrived late to find the train gone.　　　　常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：　　　　I visited him only to find him out.　　　　③表原因：　　　　They were very sad to hear the news.　　　?、鼙沓潭龋骸　　　t39。　　　?。?）作表語(yǔ)：　　　　Her job is to clean the hall.　　　　He appears to have caught a cold.　　　　（3）作賓語(yǔ)：　　　　常與不定式做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，例如：　　　　Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.　　　　動(dòng)詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，如：　　　　I have no choice but to stay here.　　　　He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.　　　　動(dòng)詞不定式前有時(shí)可與疑問詞連用，如：　　　　He gave us some advice on how to learn English.　　　　（4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：　　　　在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.　　　　此外，介詞有時(shí)也與這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)連用，如：　　　　With a lot of work to do, he didn39。It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do。It takes sb.+some time+to do?！　編輯本段]功能及用法　　　　(一)動(dòng)詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征.　　　　否定式：not + (to) do　　　?。?）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后.　　　　例如：　　　　I39。　　　?。?）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，它不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制。　　　?。?）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），.即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分　　　　它有三種形式：不定式，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞），動(dòng)名詞　　　　1．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相同點(diǎn)有：　　　　（1）如果是及物動(dòng)詞都可與賓語(yǔ)連用，例如：　　　　They built a garden.　　　　They suggested building a garden.　　　　（2）都可以被狀語(yǔ)修飾：　　　　The suit fits him very well.　　　　The suit used to fit him very well.　　　?。?）都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng), “體”式（一般式；進(jìn)行式；完成式）的變化。初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞定義及構(gòu)成 　　　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式amp。動(dòng)名詞amp。例如：　　　　He was punished by his parents.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）　　　　He avoided being punished by his parents.（動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式）　　　　We have written the position.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)）　　　　Having written the position, we handed it in.（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）　　　　（4）都可以有邏輯主語(yǔ)　　　　They started the work at once.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)）　　　　The boss ordered them to start the work.（動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)）　　　　We are League members.（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)）　　　　We being League member, the work was well done.　　　?。ìF(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)）　　　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同點(diǎn)有：　　　?。?）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。　　　?。?）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語(yǔ)?！　　　?5)英語(yǔ)中不能單獨(dú)做句子的謂語(yǔ)。m glad to meet you.　　　　He seems to know a lot.　　　　We plan to pay a visit.　　　　He wants to be an artist.　　　　The patient asked to be operated on at once.　　　　The teacher ordered the work to be done.　　　　（2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，例如：　　　　The boy pretended to be working hard.　　　　He seems to be reading in his room.　　　?。?）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，例如：　　　　I regretted to have told a lie.　　　　I happened to have seen the film.　　　　He is pleased to have met his friend.　　　　2．不定式的句法功能：　　　?。?）作主語(yǔ)：　　　　To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.　　　　To lose your heart means failure.　　　　動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：　　　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.　　　　It means failure to lose your heart.　　　　常用句式有：It+be+名詞+to do。It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do。常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞。t go to the cinema．　　　　有些動(dòng)詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to, 如：　　　　I saw him cross the road.　　　　He was seen to cross