【正文】 　④表程度：　　　　It39。t want to do it, you don39?！　　　。?）被動(dòng)式：　　　　He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。　　　?。?）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動(dòng)名詞　　　　He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍！　　　‘?dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。s job is laying eggs.　　　　在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵?！　　　∽⒁鈩?dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個(gè)例句。t help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like　　　?。?）作定語：　　　　He can39?！　　　。ㄈ┈F(xiàn)在分詞：　　　　現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能?！　　　。?）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)　　　　詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作?！　　　n the following years he worked even harder.　　　　在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。 the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.　　　?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：　　　　The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。例如：　　　　Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？　　　　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著?！　　　、茏鳁l件狀語：　　　　(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.　　　　要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間?！　　　、嗯c邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：　　　　I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．　　　　我等汽車時(shí)，一只鳥落到我頭上?！　　　∮袝r(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式　　　　With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。區(qū)別：　　　　The window is broken.（系表）　　　　The window was broken by the boy.（被動(dòng)）　　　　有些過去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成?！　　　?．過去分詞作狀語：　　　　Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.　　　　受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示條件）　　　　Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.　　　　雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子。D項(xiàng)to make或表目的，或表“將要使得”，這都不合題干情景。Take后無賓語，必然要用被動(dòng)式，故答案為A。若將B項(xiàng)改為try to go，則要根據(jù)其與try going意義之別來確定答案?！　　　?．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first puter.　　　　 invent have invented mvented　　　　析：consider表“考慮”意時(shí)，其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式，此處不表“考慮”，而表“認(rèn)為”，這時(shí)consider后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。再看一類似例句： He came in,(with)his head held 。finding out to。found。found。seeing 。advanced 。being permitted e。held 。singing 。discussed 。doing have done。left 。tiring 。stolen 。to help you out help。to ride ride。例如：通常不說We think to obey the laws is important . 而說We think it important to obey the laws .　　　　5．不定式的省略?！　　　?．只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：　　　　admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , plete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,　　　　三． 分詞　　　　1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .　　　　這個(gè)故事有興趣，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。　　　　When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .　　　　當(dāng)他后街時(shí)，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。　　　　Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 時(shí)間）　　　　Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）　　　　Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 條件 ）　　　　He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴隨）　　　　To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )　　　　He is old enough to join the army . （ 結(jié)果）　　　　7．分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別　　　　a running horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is running　　　　a fallen leaf 過去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallen　　　　a walking stick 動(dòng)名詞 = a stick for walking　　　　something to do 不定式 = something that I should do　　　　8．不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過去分詞的區(qū)別：　　　　I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 將來)　　　　The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在進(jìn)行）　　　　The building pleted three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 過去）　　　　9．分詞做狀語需要注意的一個(gè)問題：　　　　分詞與句子主語的邏輯關(guān)系　　　　Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 錯(cuò)誤 )　　　　Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正確）　　　　Seeing 與the city 不是主謂關(guān)系；seen 與city 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系　　　　練習(xí)　　　　I .單項(xiàng)選擇　　　　 of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.　　　　A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting　　　　2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .　　　　A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told　　　　D. Having told　　　　3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .　　　　 have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest　　　　4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .　　　　A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying　　　　5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .　　　　A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make　　　　6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 ., did not include women plays until 1912 .　　　　 playing be first played C. first played D. to be first playing　　　　7 . You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .　　　　 Well , now I regret ____________that .　　　　A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done　　　　8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .　　　　A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added　　　　9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .　　　　A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received　　　　 speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .　　　　A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard　　　　Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .　　　　to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying　　　　II .