【正文】 s and obligations of the carrier and the consignor are based on the B/L drawn by the shipping pany. Freight is the remuneration payable to the carrier for the carriage of goods. The freight paid for the carriage by a liner differs in the way of calculating from that paid under a charter party. Freight = Fb + ∑S FbBasic freight Ssurcharge 3) Freight of liners 海運(yùn)船舶的經(jīng)營方式－班輪 ? 班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c ? 船期表經(jīng)常分送客貨以招攬貨載，并在專業(yè)報紙或刊物上登載船期表 ? 承運(yùn)人以公共承運(yùn)人身份攬貨，其服務(wù)對象為大眾托運(yùn)人。 (1). Voyage charter The voyage charter is one for the carriage of goods from one specified port to another, or for a round trip. It includes single voyage charter, return voyage charter and successive voyage charter. According to the route stipulated in the charter party, the shipowner is responsible for delivering the goods to the port of destination and for managing the ship as well as bearing all expenses. Under a voyage charter, payment by the charterer is usually based on an agreed rate per ton for a “full and plete cargo”. Should he fail to provide sufficient cargo to fill the ship he is liable for what is termed dead freight, a prorate payment for the space not used. A voyage charter also stipulates the number of days known as lay days, for loading and unloading. Should these be accessed, the charter is liable for a demurrage charge for each day in excess, and conversely is entitled to dispatch money for each day not taken up. The liability of the shippowner is to provide a ship that is seaworthy and to avoid unjustifiable deviation en route. 定程租船合同的主要內(nèi)容 ? 貨物 ? 種類、重量、包裝的明確規(guī)定 ? 對承租人是否擁有貨物的選擇權(quán) ? 數(shù)量需規(guī)定機(jī)動幅度－船舶的滿載量，沒裝滿要付空艙費 dead freight；若裝不下，要向承租人賠償 ? 港口 ? 明確裝運(yùn)港 ? 對于貿(mào)易合同中有 2個以上裝貨港或卸貨港的，租船合同中應(yīng)作相應(yīng)規(guī)定，并給承租人以港口選擇權(quán) 定程租船合同的主要內(nèi)容 ? 船期－受載期 lay days：船舶最早可以抵達(dá)和最遲必須抵達(dá)裝運(yùn)港的候裝期限（一般 23周） ? 運(yùn)費： ? 規(guī)定運(yùn)費率或整船包干 ? 支付方式： ? 預(yù)付－啟運(yùn)港付：按慣例，不論船貨滅失，概不退還 ? 到付－目的港付：船方有留置權(quán) lien on cargo ? 按比例預(yù)付 /到付 定程租船合同的主要內(nèi)容 ? 裝卸起訖時間 ? 起：以船方遞交準(zhǔn)備裝船或卸貨通知書下一個工作日上午起算 ? 訖：最后一件貨物裝 /卸完 ? 滯期費 demurrage：規(guī)定的裝卸期限內(nèi)，租船人未完成裝卸作業(yè)，給船方造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，租船人對超過的時間應(yīng)向船方支付的罰金； ? 速遣費 dispatch money：在規(guī)定的裝卸期限內(nèi)，租船人提前完成裝卸作業(yè)，使船方節(jié)省了船舶在港的開支，船方向其支付一定獎金。紐約租船市場以油輪為主，排名第二。中國租船公司是中國最大的租船代理。 out/FIO，適用于散貨 租船合同 ? Uniform General Charter Contract－ GENCON：稱“金康”，為波羅地海船舶所有人公會制定，用于定程租船 ? Uniform Time Charter Contract－ BAL Time：由波羅地海航運(yùn)公會制定，適用于定期租船 ? China National Chartering Corporation Time Contract－ Sino Time ? N. Y. Product Exchange Time Charter ?租船的注意事項： ?不能租賃在政治、外交上與我國有矛盾、貿(mào)易上與我國無來往的國家的船 ?不宜租賃二船東 onward carrier，或只有一條船的小船東的船 ?不宜租賃船齡在 15年或 15年以上的船，及耗油量大、無自動艙蓋、無電動絞車的船 租船市場 ? 租船市場是進(jìn)行租船交易的場所，船東、租船人、租船經(jīng)紀(jì)人構(gòu)成了這個市場。 海運(yùn)船舶的經(jīng)營方式－租船 ? 影響定程租船運(yùn)費的因素 ? 租船市場運(yùn)費水平； ? 承運(yùn)貨物的價格和裝卸貨物所需設(shè)備和勞動力； ? 運(yùn)費的支付時間； ? 裝卸費的負(fù)擔(dān)方法； ? 港口費用高低； ? 船舶經(jīng)紀(jì)人的傭金高低等。 ? 光船租賃 BAREBOAT CHARTER：船舶所有人將船舶（空船）租給承租人使用一段時間，而不提供船員和船舶的營運(yùn)。 ? 單程租船 ? 來回航次租船 ? 連續(xù)航次租船 ? 包運(yùn)租船 ? 定期租船 TIME CHARTER：船舶所有人將船舶出租給承租人，供其使用一定時期的租船運(yùn)輸。適用于大宗貨物如糧食、油料、礦物、化工等運(yùn)輸。計算 （ 1）該出口公司向中國銀行購買支付傭金的美圓共需多少人民幣？（ 2）該出口公司的外匯凈收入為多少美圓？（按當(dāng)時中國銀行牌價： 100美圓 =民幣元 例題 1答案 ? 1 解 : (1)傭金 =交易總金額 X傭金率 ? 代入公式 : ? 15 X 25 000 X 2% = 375 000 X 2% = 7 500(美圓 ) ? 所以到銀行購匯支付傭金需支付人民幣 : ? (元 ) ? (2) FOB凈價 =CFR含傭價 – 運(yùn)費 – 傭金 ? 代入公式 : ? 15 X 25 000 – X 25 000 – 7500 ? =375000 – 3750 – 7500 ? =363750(美圓 ) 例題 2 ? 2 我向西歐某客商推銷某商品 ,發(fā)盤價格為每公噸 1 150 英鎊 CFR西歐某港口 ,對方復(fù)電要求改按 FOB中國口岸訂價 ,并給予 2%傭金 .查自中國口岸到西歐某港口的運(yùn)費為每公噸 170英鎊 ,我方如要保持外匯收入不變 ,改按買方要求條件報價 ,應(yīng)為何價 ? 例題 2答案 ? 解 ： （ 1） FOB價 =CFR價 自裝運(yùn)港至目的港的運(yùn)費 ? （ 2）含傭價 =凈價 /1傭金率 ? 先求 FOB價，由公式（ 1）： ? 1150170=980英鎊 ? 再求 FOB中國口岸含傭價，由公式（ 2）： ? 980/12% = 1000英鎊 Exercise Please finish the exercise in the text book Case Study: Please read your case book Modes of Transport Transport Documents Terms of Transport Chapter 9 Delivery of Goods Introduction The delivery of goods, in international trade, is one the most important steps. This is because in international trade where an exporter and an importer are always far apart, the goods under the contract have to go a long distance and sometimes change several carriers in transit before they reach the importer. In an international business, it is one of the basic tasks for the exporter to deliver the goods to the buyer or carrier or agreed conveyance after the contract has been singed according to the stipulated time, place, and transport methods in the contract. The delivery of the goods means that the seller delivers the contract goods at the agreed time, place and in the agreed manners to the buyer. In international sales of goods, the delivery also means to transfer the necessary documents at the stipulated time to the buyer. As to the methods of delivery in international practice, there are many methods to deliver the goods purchased, such as ocean transport, railway transport, air transport, river and lakes transport, postal transport, road transport, pipelines transport, land bridge transport and international multimode transport and so on. The buyer and seller can decide which methods will be the best for the goods to be transported according the goods characteristics, quantity, transit journey, value, time, the natural conditions and so on. Section One Methods of the Delivery （一） Modes of Transport Sea Land Air Charter Liner Railway, train Roadway, truck Airline Ups, Fedex, DHL,EMS Postal Parcel Transport Combined Transport OCP Transport: Overland mon point Land Bridge Transport Ocean freight is the most widely used form of transportation in international trade as well as the most efficient form in terms of energy. It still has the attraction of being a cheap modes of transport for delivering large quantities of goods over long distance. Before a shipment is made, the exporter has to consider many different factors influenci