【正文】 ong the pai nters who broke away from the tradi ti onal styl e of pai nti ng were the Im pressi onists, who li ved and worked i n Paris. The Im pressi oni sts were the fi rst painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how l ight and shadow fel l on objects at di fferent tim es of day. However, because natural li ght changes so quickl y, the Im pressioni sts had to pai nt qui ckl y. Thei r painti ngs were not as detai l ed as those of earl i er pai nters. At fi rst, many peopl e di sli ked thi s styl e of pai nti ng and becam e very angry about i t. They sai d that the pai nters were carel ess and thei r pai nti ngs were ri di cul ous. Modern Art (20th century to today) At the tim e they were created, the Im pressi oni st pai nti ngs were controversi al, but today they are accepted as the begi ni ng of what we cal l “m odern art”. This i s because the Im pressi onists encouraged arti sts to l ook at their envi ronm ent i n new ways. There are scores of m odern art styl es, but without the Im pressi onists, m any of these painti ng styl es m i ght not exi st. O n the one hand, som e m odern art i s abstract。 that is, the painter does not attem pt to pai nt objects as we se them wi th our eyes, but i nstead concentrates on certai n quali ties of the object, usi ng col or, li ne and shape to represent them. O n the other hand, som e pai ntings of m odern art are so real isti c that they l ook li ke photographs. These styl es are so di fferent. Who can predi ct what pai nti ng styl es there wil be i n the future? TH E BEST OF MANH ATTAN’S ART GALLERIES The Fri ck Col ecti on (5th Avenue and E. 70th Street) Many art l overs woul d rather vi si t thi s sm al art gal ery than any other i n N ew York. H enry Cl ay Fri ck, a rich N ew Yorker, di ed i n 1919, leaving hi s house, furni ture and art col ecti on to the Am erican peopl e. Fri ck had a preference for pertwenti eth century Western pai nti ngs, and these are wel lrepresented i n thi s excel ent col l ecti on. You can al so expl ore Fri ck’s beauti ful hom e and garden whi ch are wel worth a vi sit. Guggenhei m Museum (5th Avenue and 88th Street) Thi s m useum owns 5, 000 superb m odern painti ngs, scul ptures and drawi ngs. These art works are not al l displ ayed at the sam e tim e. The exhi bi tion i s al ways changi ng. It wi l apeal to those who l ove Im pressi oni st and PostIm pressioni st pai nti ngs. The Guggenheim Museum buil di ng i s al so worl dfam ous. When you wal k i nto the gal l ery, you feel as i f you were i nsi de a fragil e, white seashel. The best way to see the pai ntings i s to start from the top fl oor and wal k down to the bottom . There are no stairs, just a circular path. The m useum al so has an excel lent restaurant. Metropoli tan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street) The reputati on of thi s m useum li es i n the vari ety of i ts art col l ecti on. Thi s covers m ore than 5, 000 years of ci vil i zati on from many parts of the worl d, i ncl udi ng Ameri ca, Europe, Chi na, Egypt, other Afri can countri es and South Am eri ca. The m useum di spl ays m ore than just the visual del i ghts of art. It i ntroduces you to anci ent ways of l i vi ng. You can vi sit an Egypti an tem pl e, a fragrant Mi ng garden, a typical room i n an 18th century French house and m any other speci al exhi biti ons. Museum of Modern Art ( 53rd Street. Between 5th and 6th Avenues) It i s am azi ng that so m any great works of art from the l ate 19th century to the 21st century are housed i n the sam e m useum. The col ecti on of Western art i ncl udes pai nti ngs by such fam ous arti sts as Mo, Van Gogh, Pi casso and Mati se. A few words of warni ng: the admi ssi on pri ce i s not cheap and the m useum i s often very crowded. Whitney Museum of Am eri can Art (945 Madi son Avenue, near 75th Street) The Whi tney hol ds an excel l ent col ecti on of contem porary Am erican pai nti ng and scul pture. There are no perm anent di spl ays i n thi s m useum and exhi bi ti ons change al the tim e. Every two years, the Whi tney hol ds a speci al exhi biti on of new art by li vi ng arti sts. The museum al so shows vi deos and fi lm s by contem porary vi deo arti sts. Unit 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are various reasons why people wri te poetry. Som e poem s tel a story or descri be som ethi ng i n a way that wi l gi ve the reader a strong im pression. Others try to convey certai n em otions. Poets use m any di ferent form s of poetry to expres them sel ves. In thi s text, however, we wi l l ook at a few of the sim pl er form s. Som e of the first poetry a young chil d l earns i n Engli sh i s nursery rhymes. These rhym es li ke the one on the ri ght (A) are stil l a m on type of chil dren’s poetry. The l anguage i s concrete but im agi nati ve, and they del i ght sm al l chil dren because they rhym e, have strong rhythm and a l ot of repetiti on. The poem s may not m ake sense and even seem contradi ctory, but they are easy to l earn and reci te. By playi ng with the words in nursery rhym es, chi l dren l earn about l anguage. H ush, Young Li fesaver Schem e at hi s hi gh schol. When congratul ati ng John, Mr Al an Southerton, Di rector of the Young Li fesaver Schem e sai d, “There i s no doubt that John’s qui ck thi nki ng and the fi rst ai d skil ls he l earned at school saved Ms Sl ade’s l ife. It shows that a knowl edge of first ai d can m ake a real di fference.” Before receivi ng thei r awards l ast ni ght, John and the ni ne other Li fe Savers attended a speci al recepti on yesterday hosted by the Prim e Mi nister. 選修六 Uni t 1 A SHO RT H ISTO RY O F WESTERN PAIN TIN G Art i s i nfl uenced by the custom s and fai th of a peopl e. Styl es i n Western art have changed m any tim es. As there are so m any different styl es of Western art, it woul d be i m pos