【正文】 shable rights” through the limited judicial resources and can bine the justice and efficiency together well by saving the litigation resources and protect the legitimate rights and interests of vulnerable groups. The study on the system of group civil action has already bee an important mon highlight around the world as the result of increasing the civil disputes involving multitudinous litigants in today’s society. At present, our systems of litigious resolution responding to the civil disputes IV involving multitudinous litigants mainly include representative action, association action and test action all of which can not play the role very well due to their respective so many shortings. Therefore, the author deals with the basic theory of the system of group civil action by taking the system of group civil action as the studying object in the empirical method, the investigating method and the parative analysis method in this dissertation. The author puts emphasis on the present situation of development of our system of group civil action and puts forward that the our reconstruction of the system of group civil action should be based itself on the conditions of our country on the basis of the representative systems of group civil action on the world today. When we deal with the group civil action, we should give priority to the protection of and the remedy for the individual rights by taking account of the social public interests, especially the value of social stability. We can not promote unrealistically the application of the system of group civil action while we should establish a pluralistic litigation system of the civil disputes involving multitudinous litigants to effectively solve the civil disputes involving multitudinous litigants in order to provide the effective legal support to the construction of harmonious society. Key Words： group civil action； theoretical basis； parison； the present situation； reconstruction V 目 錄 引 言 ................................................................................................................................................ 1 第一部分 群體民事訴訟概述 ...................................................................................................... 2 一、群體民事訴訟的概念 ....................................................................................................... 2 二、群體民事訴訟的特征 ....................................................................................................... 3 （一）當(dāng)事人人數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)性 ............................................................................................ 3 （二）多數(shù)當(dāng)事人之間利益的同一性或同質(zhì)性 ............................................................ 3 （三）群體成員權(quán)利實現(xiàn)的間接性 ................................................................................ 4 （四）判決效力的擴(kuò)張性 ................................................................................................ 4 三、群體民事訴訟的價值 ....................................................................................................... 5 （一）疏導(dǎo)社會沖突，維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定 ............................................................................ 5 （二）提高訴訟效 益，維護(hù)法律適用的統(tǒng)一 ................................................................ 6 （三）追求公益，保障實體法的實施 ............................................................................ 6 （四）保障弱勢群體的合法權(quán)益，促進(jìn)和諧社會的構(gòu)建 ............................................ 7 （五）促 使公共政策形成 ................................................................................................ 7 第二部分 群體民事訴訟解決機制的理論基礎(chǔ) .......................................................................... 9 一、訴訟效率理論 ................................................................................................................... 9 二、接近正義與公民訴權(quán)理論 ............................................................................................. 10 三、公共利益理論 ................................................................................................................. 11 第三部分 國外群體民事訴訟解決機制比較研究 .................................................................... 12 一、國外群體民事訴訟制度主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................................. 12 （一）英國群體民事訴訟制度 ...................................................................................... 12 （二）美國群體民事訴訟制度 ...................................................................................... 14 （三）德國群體民事訴訟制度 ...................................................................................... 17 （四）日本群體民事訴訟制度 ...................................................................................... 20 （五）示范訴訟 .............................................................................................................. 22 VI 二、國外群體民事訴訟制度比較和啟示 ............................................................................. 26 （一）共性 ...................................................................................................................... 26 （二）差異 ...................................................................................................................... 27 （三）國外群體民事訴訟制度的啟示 .......................................................................... 28 第四部分 我國群體民事訴訟解決機制現(xiàn)狀考察 .................................................................... 30 一、代表人訴訟制度 ............................................................................................................. 30 （一）代表人訴訟制度的主要內(nèi)容和評價 .................................................................. 30 （ 二）代表人訴訟制度的司法實踐 .............................................................................. 32 二、團(tuán)體訴訟制度 ................................................................................................................. 35 （一）工會訴訟 .............................................................................................................. 35 （二）業(yè)主委員會訴訟 .................................