【正文】 最基本的品質，價值觀和文化之間的聯(lián)系非常緊密，很難在不涉及一方的前提下去談論另一方，正如麥休尼斯所指出的，價值觀從文化上定義了愿望、善良和美好的標準，這些標準形成了社會生活的廣義指導原則，在關于文化價值觀的任何討論中，關鍵詞都是指導原則，換言之，價值觀幫助確立了人們應該怎樣行為表現(xiàn)的原則，根據(jù)文化差異程度的不同，人們可以預期跨文化交際的參與者在相似的環(huán)境下可能會預見到、表現(xiàn)出不同的行為。s)suggestions in a calm, rational had acknowledged her good intentions to help the project succeed, accepted the ideas he could, and made a reasonable case against suggestions that did not fit in with the he felt fortable calling her because they know each other, her change of mind was not made on the basis of their knowing each , she agreed because Professor Stevens.....Case 2Unit 4 P100....open to signify that nothing inappropriate is going on is as strange to a North American as the suggestion that they would need a Lan Lan did not know Kevin, or was concerned about her safety, she should not go to his room at if sheneeded to speak with him, they should do it in a public the fact that they were colleagues who trusted each other and that their relationship was not would have no sense that Lan Lan would feel the need to keep the door open to protect her would he think that anyone else had the right to be able to see the two of theme suggestion that if a man and a woman are alone together behind a closed door, something sexual is happening, is absurd from a Western a very long time in China, tradition has it that it is not appropriate for a man and a woman to be alone together in the same Lan Lan deliberately left the door ajar when she went into Kevin39。理想情況是，我們要學會在遇到任何不熟悉或冒犯性的語言或者非語言行為時，不要匆忙做出判斷，而要問問自己，“這么做有什么用”Unit 4Case 1Unit 4 P99It is sadly true that a lot of Chinese people would try the personal way when they feel that the official way cannot help them achieve what they a very large event, knowing someone who is in charge means a big advantage, as the Chinese place a lot of importance in giving each other “face” by trying to acmodate the person in this case, though Guangrui did not initiate the idea of calling , he could not help thinking that it was Professor Stevens39。為了獲得對一個文化的最大認識而從該文化內部進行研究時，我們應該警惕任何文化差異，這些差異很有可能造成交際問題，但可能與任何外部范疇都不相符。培養(yǎng)人們對差異存在的敏感性是熟練進行跨文化交際的第一步。因此，為了準確描述文化差異，我們需要深入的調查我們打算與之交際的文化。s , for people of certain South American and Caribbean cultures, the distance is approximately fifteen inches, while still other cultures(in the Middle East)maintain a distance of nine to ten problem that occurred between the Latin American and New York policeman was that their respective cultures had different ideas about spatial Latin American was attempting to establish what for him was a fortable conversational , the policeman felt threatened because his personal space, as defined by his culture, was being either of them understood this cultural behavior difference, the breakdown in munication and the arrest could have been 3 P82既然有些跨文化交際的技能是所有文化普遍使用的，我們就可以有效地運用客位的（文化通用的）方法。while in some other cultures it is quite give more physical support to new mothers, where family and friends assume household obligations so that thenew mom can rebuild her strength for at least one month after 6Unit 3 P81The case illustrates a crosscultural misunderstanding of a very subtle aspect of close an individual can get to another while talking is, to a large extent, dictated by one39。eight for prosperity。three for life。Unit 3Case 4Unit 3 P80Just as many Americans believe that thirteen is unlucky, the Chinese have strong beliefs about good luck or bad luck associated with particular is the most negative number, since its sound is the same as the word are obviously Chinese who are fully aware of the negative meaning of the Lins to have death in their address would bode poorly for their future in this new have positive and negative values for the the sound of number word is the same as that of negative connotations, for example, seven is related to the notion that ghosts return seven days after meanings are associated with other numbers: one for guaranteed。雖然“文明”一詞有時僅指“先進的”或者“高級的”的文化，但是在普通以及書面英語里，一直是傾向于把這兩個詞當做近義詞，總體上，這種傾向也反映在作為社會科學中的文學中，戈登威澤1922年寫的人類學導論，書名就是《早期文明》。s fact, this story es from cultural misunderstanding between Chen Jie and American thinks that a westerner in Chen Jie39。s directness in dealing with problems, efforts and even dishonesty is from Jim himself it is much better to know Korean culture especially their strategy of saving face and losing exist really, but if they are discovered earlier people concerned with the problem will lose face in terms of Korean39。s I were Li Hua, I would tell the American supervisor the fact that I really had made great efforts to finish the report in 16 days though later than 15 days but faster than 20 days that is said , if the supervisor still felt angry and were not flexible would resign just as Li Hua had 2Unit 2P41In Asia especially in Korea a high value is placed on harmonious personal relationship, while conflicts are every effort is made to be polite and , Jim es from American where personal petence in dealing with matters is emphasized in spite of high focus on the other hand, American people are highly practical and realistic, they would think the earlier the problem can be discovered the better solutions can be , when a problem was finally brought to Jim39。在這樣的交際框架下，使用權的概念尤其重要，也就是說，只有對重要信息具有使用權，人們才可以有效的加入到今天有關商品、服務和思想的全球市場中來，反過來，使用權經常依賴于提出和交流思想所用到的媒體和技術，事實上，就全球化而言，信息使用權所必需的媒體通常是電子媒體或者網(wǎng)絡媒體，這些媒體之所以重要，就在于他們的快速性和直接性，它們使得個人可以在全球范圍內發(fā)現(xiàn)并交流信息，比如說，電子郵件可以讓一身處波士頓的人與住在北京的某個人快速便捷的進行信息交流，就像這個人在網(wǎng)絡對面的某個地方進行交流一樣。故選項A正確。根據(jù)原文最后一段“For an effective performancebased system, efforts are needed to improve the implementation of the wage system, such as making clear the basis for evaluation and providing detailed explanations for the assessments一個有效的業(yè)績考核的管理體制，需要在工資系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行方面提高上做出努力，如評估的基本要素應該清晰，為評價提供詳細的解釋說明”得知選項B、C、D都符合原文意思。 解析：問題是在以業(yè)績考核的管理體制下，下面那種陳述是不真實的。根據(jù)原文第六段“Older workers were switching jobs because they failed to get along with colleagues or were unhappy with how they were being evaluated at panies using performancebased